Primary School Math Curriculum: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Cycle

Posted on Nov 2, 2024 in Mathematics

First Cycle

Block 1. Numbers and Operations

Natural Numbers

  • Figures and numbers.
  • Natural numbers less than a thousand: reading and writing.
  • Expressing numbers in daily life situations.
  • Numerical order. Using ordinal numbers. Comparing numbers in familiar contexts.
  • The Decimal Numbering System: Place Value of figures.

Operations

  • Operations with whole numbers: addition and subtraction.
  • Multiplication as a sum of equal summands and vice versa. Multiplication tables.
  • Speaking about operations and calculations.

Calculation Strategies

  • Ascending and descending series with cadence 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, or 100 from a given number, and cadence 25 or 50 from a number ending in 0 or 5.
  • Further oral or mental series with cadence 1, 2, and 10 from a given number, and cadence 5 from a number ending in 0 or 5, both ascending and descending.
  • Additive decomposition of numbers less than 1000, considering the place value of their figures.
  • Identifying odd and even numbers in a list of numbers less than 1000.
  • Constructing and memorizing multiplication tables.
  • Developing mental calculation strategies: searching for the complement of a number to the nearest superior number for calculating doubles and halves of quantities and solving addition and subtraction problems.
  • Rough estimates. Estimating and rounding the result of a calculation to the nearest number, choosing between various solutions and evaluating reasonable answers.
  • Solving problems involving calculations, orally explaining the meaning of the data, the situation presented, the process followed, and the solutions obtained.

Block 2. Measurement: Estimation and Calculation of Quantities

Length, Capacity, and Weight

  • Comparing objects according to length, capacity, or weight, either directly (without measurements).
  • Units of measure: meter, centimeter, liter, and kilogram.
  • Comparison between decimal multiples of one main unit of the Metric System.
  • Measurement instruments and unconventional strategies.
  • Using conventional instruments and customary units to measure objects and distances in the environment.
  • Estimating measurement results (distances, sizes, weights, capacities, etc.) in familiar contexts. Orally explaining the process followed and the strategy used in the measurement.
  • Troubleshooting and explaining measurement, meaning of the data, the situation presented, the process followed, and the solutions.

Measurement of Time

  • Units of time measurement: minute, hour, day, week, and year.
  • Reading conventional clocks at whole and half hours.
  • Selecting and using the appropriate unit to determine the duration of a time interval.

Introduction to the European Monetary Union

  • The value of different coins and bills, with the euro as a unit, and comparison.
  • Managing prices of everyday items.

Block 3. Geometry

Spatial Reasoning

  • Locating elementary objects in space: inside, outside, above, below, right of, left of, between, and so on.
  • Describing the position of objects in the environment with respect to oneself: in front/behind me, over/under me, on my right/left.
  • Open and closed lines, straight lines and curves.
  • Using geometric vocabulary to describe routes.
  • Interpreting drawings and verbal descriptions of itineraries and establishing them.

Plane and Spatial Shapes

  • Intuitive approach to the concepts of point, line, and plane.
  • Intuitive distinction between flat and curved surfaces.
  • Identifying plane figures in everyday objects and fields: triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, and squares.
  • Basic geometric elements: side, vertex, interior, exterior, border.
  • Identifying geometric shapes in familiar objects: cubes, cuboids, prisms, pyramids, cylinders, and spheres.
  • Describing geometric shapes using basic geometric vocabulary. Sorting shapes and solids using elemental criteria.
  • Creating plane and solid figures from others by composition and decomposition.
  • Constructing and freehand drawing triangles and quadrilaterals, including rectangles.

Regularities and Symmetries

  • Searching for regularities in figures and bodies by manipulating objects.
  • Interpreting messages containing information about spatial relationships.
  • Troubleshooting and explaining geometric concepts orally and in writing, including the meaning of the data, the situation presented, the process followed, and the solutions obtained.

Block 4. Data Handling, Randomness, and Probability

Statistical Graphs

  • Using written language, obtaining qualitative information, and interpreting significant elements of simple graphs on nearby phenomena.
  • Using basic techniques for collecting and managing data in close and familiar contexts.

Random Nature of Some Experiences

  • Experiences whose results depend on luck. Using expressions related to probability in ordinary speech.

Content Common to All Blocks

  • Willingness to use numbers, relationships, and operations to obtain and convey information, interpret messages, and solve problems in real situations.
  • Preference for orderly and fair presentation of calculations and results.
  • Curiosity to know and use measurements of some familiar objects and time, and interest in interpreting messages containing information on measurements. Care in making measurements.
  • Interest and curiosity for identifying shapes and their characteristic features.
  • Confidence in one’s own possibilities, and curiosity, interest, and persistence in seeking solutions.
  • Active participation in organized teamwork and learning from research on real situations. Respect for the work of others.

Second Cycle

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Third Cycle

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