Research Methods: Qualitative vs. Quantitative, IMRD, Abstracts & More
Research Fundamentals
1. The Investigation Process: Scientific investigation involves rigorous strategies and procedures to discover new knowledge. This process helps us draw conclusions about research.
2. Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research
Qualitative research is exploratory and delves into the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of phenomena, using words rather than numbers. It is often more time-consuming due to in-depth interviews. Key characteristics include:
- Subjective
- Exploratory
- Inductive reasoning
- Purposive sampling
- Process-oriented inquiry
- Hypothesis generation
- Analysis of words, pictures, and objects
- Unstructured techniques like in-depth interviews and group discussions
Quantitative research, on the other hand, generates numerical data and hard facts using statistical, logical, and mathematical techniques. Key characteristics include:
- Objective
- Conclusive
- Deductive reasoning
- Random sampling
- Result-oriented inquiry
- Hypothesis testing
- Analysis of numerical data
- Structured techniques like surveys and questionnaires
In summary, qualitative research develops initial understanding, while quantitative research recommends final courses of action.
3. Research Divisions: IMRD
The IMRD structure includes: Introduction, Materials, Methods, Results, and Discussion.
4. What is an Abstract?
An abstract is a concise summary of the main ideas of a text.
5. Types of Abstracts
There are two main types:
- Simple: Presents essential and simple ideas.
- Executive: Summarizes the main ideas of a project, book, newspaper, or article.
6. The Importance of English in Research
English is crucial for international research as it is the primary language for publications and accessing global research.
7. Scientific Method Process
The scientific method involves: raising a problem, taking a sample, investigating, and hypothesizing.
8. Sources of Information
Information sources are categorized as primary and secondary.
9. Data Bases
Examples of databases include: PubMed, PEDro, Dialnet, and Author.
10. Relevant Information in References
Key elements in references include: bibliography, quotes, and author.
11. Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
A DOI is a string of numbers, letters, and symbols used to permanently identify and link to an article or document on the web. For example, to access an article using its DOI, copy the DOI, go to http://dx.doi.org, enter the DOI in the text box, and click ‘go’. The document will then display in your browser.
12. Evidence-Based Research (EBR)
EBR uses existing theories and ideas to aid future research. It combines science and experience, exploring possibilities while respecting sound facts. It helps in making informed decisions by paying attention to proven signs.