Respiratory Therapy: Aerosols, Pharmacology, Oxygen, TB, and Rehabilitation

Posted on Mar 14, 2025 in Medicine & Health

1. Aerosols

  • 1.1 The effective particle size is between 1 and 3 microns.
  • 1.2 There is diffusion from the 16 generations of bronchioles: YES
  • 1.3 Particle deposition occurs: YES
  • 1.4 Impaction mainly occurs in branching: YES
  • 1.5 Dry powder inhalers can be used through a commercial spacer: NO

2. Principles of Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetics

  • 2.1 The time and disposition of the drug in the body depend only on absorption and distribution: NO

Pharmacodynamics

  • 2.2 Pharmacodynamics describes the mechanisms of drug action.
  • 2.3 How B2 adrenergic drugs act: Through the G protein.
  • 2.4 Side effects of inhibitors and action of each inhaler.
  • 2.5 Nonsteroidal anti-asthmatic drugs.
  • 2.6 Side effects of B2 agonists.

3. Oxygen Therapy

  • 3.1 Cylinder information: Manufacturer, brand, serial number, original hydrostatic test, and further testing (FHASA).
  • 3.2 Differences between low and high flow:

High Flow

  • Meets the patient’s ventilatory demands.
  • Provides all the required volume/minute.
  • Stable O2, does not depend on the patient’s breathing pattern.

Low Flow

  • Does not meet the patient’s ventilatory demands.
  • Variable O2, mixed with air.
  • Depends on the patient’s breathing pattern.

4. Tuberculosis (TB)

  • 4.1 General sequelae of TB occur in the pulmonary apex: NO
  • 4.2 The kinesiologist should explain to the patient the proper conduct of the smear: YES
  • 4.3 Treatment of three points A, B, C:
    • A) Should be extended long enough to avoid relapse.
    • B) Must be associated, including in each schema three to four effective anti-TB drugs to prevent the emergence of bacterial resistance.
    • C) Must be supervised by trained staff to ensure the proper administration of medications.

Pleural Effusion

Thoracentesis: What is a pleural tap? It is used to identify the etiology or narrow the field of possible causes. It is performed after local anesthesia, usually in the back in an intercostal space under the top edge of the dullness, sliding the needle on the top edge of the rib, so as to avoid the intercostal vessels that are attached to the lower edge of the rib above it.

Pulmonary Rehabilitation

  • 1.1 Rehabilitation Program Slides
  • 1.2 Components and Degree of Evidence (The A’s are less muscular training and dyspnea)
  • 1.3 Benefits of Pulmonary Rehabilitation:
    • Reduction of respiratory symptoms and hospitalizations.
    • Increased tolerance to physical exertion, with improved capacity to perform ADLs.
    • Improved psychological factors, decreased anxiety and depression.
    • Reduction of hospital days.
    • Improved quality of life.

Inspiratory Muscle Training

  • 1.1 Respiratory Failure Slides
  • 1.2 Diaphragm Muscle Characteristics Slides
  • 1.3 The Threshold valve is used for inspiratory muscle training: YES
  • 1.4 The load should be 30% of the PImax: YES

Tobacco Prevention and Spirometry

  • 1.1 Neurotransmitter released in addiction to snuff: DOPAMINE
  • 1.2 Types of smoke (main and side) Slide #7.
    • 1.- The main stream, which is the smoke inhaled by the active smoker.
    • 2.- The lateral or secondary current, which is the smoke released into the environment between puffs by the smoker (This smoke contains higher concentrations of toxic substances).