Risk Management and Preventive Techniques in Occupational Safety

Posted on Nov 4, 2024 in Other subjects

Risk Management and Preventive Techniques

Prevention Techniques

Operational Risk and Administration: Shoddy work, delays in work, poor quality of the product or service, injury to workers.

Sequence of Risk Management

  1. Identify all risks.
  2. Assess the risks involved in the process.
  3. Analyze the risks in order to find the best form of treatment.

Risk Management: Terms

  • Treating risk effectively.
  • Tolerating loss within the range of acceptability.
  • Transferring risk.

Operational Risk Management

  1. Determine the magnitude of risk.
  2. Assess risk.
  3. Find or propose alternative treatment, technical or administrative.
  4. Decide on alternative control, ensuring that control is warranted.
  5. Implement the selected control.

Law of Causality

A lack of control affects the basic causes, which are personal factors (the employee does not know, does not want to, or cannot) and work factors (associated with working conditions, substandard conditions, and incidents that result in loss).

Preventive Techniques

Effective preventive work constitutes continuous and permanent identification of the risks that can lead to accidents involving people and facilities. It is based on two principles:

First Principle

Accidents and occupational diseases are the result of underlying causes.

Second Principle

The causes of accidents and occupational diseases can be identified and eliminated or controlled.

Planned Inspection

Planned inspection is a systematic preventive technique to check that equipment, materials, and the environment are according to established or approved standards. The inspection plan can also identify unsafe practices of workers who are in contact with equipment, materials, and the environment. Its first objective is to identify non-standard conditions in three of the four subsystems of the company.

Planned Inspection Also Made for a Boss Ever

Detecting the problem that occurred is the key to the supervisor’s success in the prevention of risks, whatever the location, area, equipment, or machinery.

Benefits

By identifying sources of injuries, property damage, fire and explosions, diseases, misuse of space, waste, pollution, planned inspections serve to maintain safer work environments for people, property, and processes, thereby improving efficiency and helping to better control operating costs. They also identify substandard conditions, identify and correct management deficiencies, improve system interactions, maintain the environment, and ensure adequate physical security for productive and quality work.

Inspecciones Planeadas: Typical Things to Inspect

  • Automotive vehicles, operating conditions, buildings, stairs, floors, walls, circulation areas, escape routes, etc.
  • Chemicals: storage, compatibility of substances, disposal containers, etc.
  • Environmental conditions: noise, light, gases, fumes, hazardous weather conditions: dust, smoke, fog.
  • Sources of energy: electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, steam.
  • Personal Protection Equipment, machines and tools, order and sanitation.

Basic Classes of Inspections

  • Informal or unplanned inspections are made consistently (by supervisors) as they perform their normal activities.
  • Planned inspections are scheduled and are looking for specific things.

Planned Inspections: General

When hazard identification includes a whole area of work, looking around at everything that may damage the operation. These are frequently performed monthly or quarterly.

Parts Specific or Critical

If the object of activity is an element, system, or particular environmental condition.

Critical Parts

Those parts whose failure affects a large percentage or all of production and property, and also creates a serious risk to the lives of workers (e.g., brakes, horns, motion machines, critical equipment like boilers, autoclaves, etc.). Critical inspections of any business or service activity are the responsibility of the supervisor and should not be left to chance (planned regularly). Critical parts are a logical concern of any consultant in risk prevention. A program of inspections of critical parts not handled by the supervisor himself should include a registration card for critical parts. This suggested system keeps track of critical parts by maintaining a card file with information on critical parts of every important thing in the section. It allows for quick and accessible information and should be handled in a way that ensures that critical parts of the section have been inspected.

Inspections Planned Methodology

  1. Planning inspection.
  2. Preparation of activity.
  3. Performance detection of non-standard conditions in EMA.
  4. Report non-standard conditions and their root causes.
  5. Corrective action tracking provided.

What are the Critical Parts to be Inspected?

Any part of anything that could pose a condition that can interrupt or degrade operations should be inspected.

Critical Parts Inspection Using Inspection Card Criticism

Each party must be identified on the card with the team it belongs to. Each supervisor must systematically take stock of everything in their section (all locations) and assess the need to establish a card file, listing all parts as critical.

What are Security Consultants (Inspectors) Looking For?

They should become familiar with the unwanted conditions that must be searched for in informal inspections, as well as use the knowledge to handle the planned system of inspection of critical parts (spent, corrosive, flammable, gas, etc.).

What Should Be the Frequency of Inspections?

  • What is the potential loss if this part fails?
  • What is the probability of physical harm to people or damage to property if something goes wrong?
  • How soon is it possible that the part will fail?
  • If a fault occurs, is it difficult to repair or replace?
  • What is the experience of failure with this particular part?

Who Will Do the Inspection?

The nature of most critical parts usually requires specific technical knowledge or ability to make a proper inspection.

How Does the Supervisor Handle the System?

To manage the system of inspections of critical parts in a sector, area, or process, the supervisor should have a good understanding of what should be done and whether it is the required system administration. This includes the inspection work to be done, the degree of compliance with inspection rules specified in the cards, and necessary measures to correct performance through inspections.

Critical Parts Inspection Pre-Inspection

  • Air movers: blowers, fans, etc.
  • Weather conditions: dust, fumes, vapors, mists, etc.
  • Motor vehicles: trucks, cars, etc.
  • Buildings: windows, doors, ceilings, floors, etc.
  • Substances chemicals: acids, caustics, toxics, etc.
  • Containers: all objects (fixed or portable) to place materials, crates, boxes, barrels, tarps, etc.
  • Transportation: all mechanical systems for moving materials.
  • Work surface: floors, corridors, carpets, etc.
  • Energy sources: power lines, pneumatic, hydraulic, etc.
  • Fire control equipment: fire extinguishers, sprinklers, moisturizers, etc.

Preparation

  • Review previous inspection reports.
  • Define the general course or area.
  • Prepare a checklist.
  • Decide upon inspection.

General Inspection

  1. Look for things that are obvious, make sure you have a complete picture of the whole sector. They are usually things that are outside the current path, which cause problems.
  2. Cover the area systematically; allow yourself some time to do the job. It is required to walk around and decide which is the best way to make a correct and complete inspection.
  3. Describe and locate everything clearly. It saves a lot of time answering questions and revisiting places after the inspection report has been submitted if the description of things and their location are clear and precise. Pay particular attention to dangerous situations.
  4. When you discover a dangerous situation, take action immediately.
  5. Inform about things that seem unnecessary. There is nothing better than time spent on a good inspection, making an immediate relocation of materials and old equipment.

System to Classify the Danger

One of the most apparent benefits of hazard classification is the establishment of priorities. These hazard classifications can be used, in the case of an accident, to describe the potential severity of loss due to an act or substandard condition.

Report (Hazard Classification)

  • Class A: Condition or act with potential for permanent disability, loss of life or part of the body, extensive loss of structure, equipment, or material.
  • Class B: Condition or act with a potential for injury or disease that can result in temporary or significant property damage, but less than Class A.
  • Class C: Condition or act with potential for slight injury or illness (not disabling) or property damage of less magnitude.

Report

The record of what has been found in the inspection. It is also used to keep management informed and to help when needed. Send copies to all related departments. Address suggestions.

Must Be Clearly Written

Whether it is made in manuscript or on a computer, it saves time to have a good, clear, and precise text. Encoding the points clearly is advantageous. Additional contacts often help. Simplification of inspection reports makes it easier to fill out reports properly later.

Planned Observations

Planned observation is a systematic preventive technique to verify a worker’s performance in relation to standards, procedures, and programs in place. They are geared mainly to the detection of wrongdoing. The ultimate goal of this technique is to identify the root causes (personal factors) and immediate causes (unsafe acts) that make the worker’s performance different than expected and regarded as correct for the execution of a task.

It is the action to identify and/or manage individual work habits and safety procedures of the tasks in order to prevent unsafe acts capable of causing accidents.

Benefits

  • Identify improper work habits, which can be sources of occupational injuries and diseases.
  • Detect training needs, relocation, or motivation among workers.
  • Reinforce good work habits.
  • Establish a channel of communication between supervisor and employee.
  • Create a possibility for direct participation of workers in terms of forms and methods of work.

The proper discharge of an employee is one that takes into account the accepted standard for their work to develop as a whole (safety, quality, production, cost). The result of applying this technique should lead the worker from the wrong way to the right way to do the job.

Types of Observations

Informal Observations

  • Dictum: This type of observation is not planned and is performed by a supervisor as a natural and proper part of supervision.
  • Intentional: In this type of observation, the supervisor decides in advance what worker and job will be watched.

Planned Observations

This is an activity with an end in itself, justifying the time spent to watch a worker systematically. It aims to observe critical jobs or tasks.

Methodology

  1. Preparing the activity.
  2. Detection of wrongdoing.
  3. Correcting inadequate performance.
  4. Monitoring of corrective measures employed.

Preparation

  • Select the worker; have a specific reason for selection.
  • Select the job or workplace (hazardous or critical).
  • Review the job (task analysis); this will give the opportunity to select those stages that are particularly interesting to observe.

Who Should Be Observed

  • Work experience: It is easier to correct a worker at first than to later convince them that their usual practice is unsafe.
  • Accident repeater: A follow-up observation of accidents on the repeater can be directed to the source of the problem.
  • The chronically insecure workers: There are some workers who have a tendency to forget the rules, personal protection items, etc., developing their own inadequate working methods.

Comments Considerations

Frequency

Observations must be done periodically, but not routinely and not in a way that makes it clear that the supervisor is scoring bad acts or unsafe practices performed by workers.

When Not to Inform the Worker

When the observation is intended to verify if the employee complies with the established rules by capturing an image of their normal behavior.

When to Inform the Employee

If you want to be sure what the worker knows and what they ignore about performing a job safely, tell them in advance that they will be observed while performing their job.

Who Should Be Observed (Continued)

  • Workers with physical or mental problems: All jobs require physical exertion and a level of health consistent with that effort.
  • Work experience: An experienced person may look for new ways to perform work, which may in some cases be dangerous.

Screening

Making the observation (of the worker) with or without prior notice to commend or correct any act or practice, as appropriate.

Medicion del Control

  • Desempeño Cuantitativo
  • Desempeño Cualitativo

Leadership, inspections, communications, research, auditing, observation, preventive management systems.

General Methods of Prevention of Risks

Causal Chain Analysis

  1. Enter any losses, injuries, illnesses, etc.
  2. Enter the contacts or forms of energy that caused the loss. Include any contact that resulted in losses after the event analysis.
  3. Chart substandard acts and conditions associated with each factor of contact.
  4. Prepare a list of root causes related to each event and substandard condition of personal factors and factors of work.
  5. (Correcting) Further analysis of the accident/incident.

Analysis Based on Changing

This method is based on the principle that the program and the rules are adequate, and that the problem is caused by a change of some sort, which consequently causes a deviation from normal operating conditions.

Aspects of the Simple Reason

  • Issues identified: Will include all the descriptive details seen fit to identify the Who, What, Where, When, and How.
  • Exclusions and omissions: Shall include all possible deviations inherent in the concept for a study regarding the rules, procedures, or practices that are considered safe to apply and could lead to the appearance of change.
  • Distinctive features: Will include all aspects of the concept analysis that distinguish it on the person or other object that may be standard and the source of change.
  • Change: Shall identify the change that occurred with respect to standard conditions preset by the rules.

Sequence Analysis of Cause-Effect

It is an alternative method that yields good results in many types of research. The analysis of cause and effect can start from two possible states or situations:

  1. Work activities in the pre-contact phase, determining the activities that led to the accident from the evidence.
  2. Work activities in situations of contact, repair, remedy, health care.

Schema Model of the Causal Factors

It is a method of analysis to state the facts and events in the form of sketches or lines in the form of levels.

  • Contact, specific point in time and activity.
  • Initiating events, secondary descriptions to define the direction of events attended to this point.
  • Unsafe acts and substandard or unsafe conditions.
  • Root causes, i.e., personal factors and factors of work.
  • Identify weaknesses of programs, standards, and compliance.

Analysis and Work Procedures

It is a method applied to study all elements of a job, such as quality, production, safety, and health, and that indicates that these variables are inseparable.

  • Procedure of Labor (PT): Method of learning how to make work more systematic and consistent with maximum efficiency.
  • Job Analysis (TA): Method that ensures that all important aspects of a job will be considered and evaluated to determine a “unified” procedure in order to work properly.

Schematic of a Job Analysis

  1. Determine the work that has to be tested.
  2. Divide the work into an orderly sequence of steps.
  3. Determine the potential for accidents and damage.
  4. Make an analysis of each job step.
  5. Develop screening recommendations.
  6. Write the working procedure.

Job Analysis by Observation

This method tells us how to do the work and not how people think it should be done.

  1. Select the appropriate employee to be observed, explaining the purpose of the AT.
  2. Observe the work and record the initial division.
  3. Check the division with the employee.
  4. Write down the basic steps of the division of labor.
  5. Determine all potential accidents.
  6. Verification of efficiency.
  7. Development of screening recommendations.
  8. Establish contact with the department that has a special interest in PT.
  9. Write the report.

Job Analysis by Talk

  1. List accident potential.
  2. Verification of efficiency.
  3. Development of the recommended controls.