Romanticism and Realism in 19th Century Spanish Literature
CENTURY LITERATURE 9.
Romanticism and Realism:
1.THE ROMANTICISM. POETRY AND PROSE: The emergence of romanticism was not simultaneous in all nations. In Spain entered late. The decline began around 1850.
1.1.CARACTERISTICAS GENERAL OF ROMANTICISM:
The romance is the product of a deep crisis which manifested in the ideological and aesthetic trends. The romantic protest against the values imposed by the bourgeois world and rebels against a corporation. Romanticism defends the creative power of spirit, the right to imagine, the feeling of romance … Some features: * the rejection of reality and escape through imagination.The exotic countries and become the last refuges Romantic writers .* The analysis of privacy. The expression of feelings is an obsessive concern. And the writer inside them despair, melancholy, loneliness or sadness .* The importance of landscape and environments: the description of nature serves as a way of expressing the artist’s inner .* Claim popular items and national. Romanticism explores the traditions .* in terms of technique and structure, the creative freedom is manifested in the mix of various genres. The literary characters are usually stereotypes. The dominant style is usually rhetorical.
1.2.LA POESIA ROMANTICA: FEATURES AND AUTHORS
Its main features are: * the lexicon reflects the spirit of the times: the delusions, melancholia, ideals. The images are filled with exotic, mysterious landscapes .* twilight or in the metric, the Romantic poets used all sorts of verses and poems. The romance becomes one of the preferred compositions .* on the issues, love is the principal. No shortage in the pouring poems religious concern, the fear of death. Highlight the social and political reasons. / / The major Romantic poets:*
Espronceda
Two long poems excel: Students of Salamanca and the devil world. Love is whether thematic inspiration .*
Rosalía de Castro was a bilingual writer (Castilian, Galician). In 1885 he published his most famous work on the banks of Sar. This work, along with the rhymes of Becquer is a link between the end of romanticism and the beginning of the modern lyric .* Becquer: Becquer died unknown and poor, has become the most influential Romantic poet. Of it comes to modern poetry. The poems are his most important (rhymes) is composed of groups: * the first group (rhymes X-XI) were incubated a series of rhymes whose theme is the very poetry and poetic creation. Themes appear as proud exaltation of the self and the conception of women and of love as ideal and unreachable .* The 2 nd group (XII-XXIX) is about love lived to the full: the beloved beautiful, high spiritual virtues .* the 3rd group (XXX-LI) focuses on the failure of love .* in Group 4 (LII-LXXIX) show the loneliness and anguish. The world appears as a hostile and the poet is isolated and locked in himself. / / The most important technical features of the rhymes are its brevity and condensation. The strophic form of the poems is free, with a predominance of the verses heptasílabos, hendecasyllables assonance and rhyme.
TEST Xlll.EL century.
-THOUGHT AND SOCIETY IN THE CENTURY XIII.
The decline of the thirteenth century could only be overcome with a fresh impetus to transform all areas of life society.The transformation culminating in the French Revolution and open the way to the age contamporanea.
The policy of isolation from Europe ended with the death without issue the last king Austria.Felipe V is the new king and Spain BorCon again incorporates the political and cultural europeas.El state is responsible for the models mimic cultura.Se French and thus enters the spirit of enlightenment.
-Illustration:
During the 18th century takes hold in Europe, but especially in France a new ideological mocimiento: illustration, whose principle is the defense of reason as a source of knowledge, which is why this period is known as the Age of Enlightenment.
The illustration is caracateriza by replacing the concepts of hierarchy, discipline and authority for equality, intellectual and critical Independence libre.Sus main features are:-rationalism: reason is the main basis of conocimiento.-reformism: the development of society involves laws and proposals to reform the economy, education and cultura.-idealism: economic progress leads to an improvement in the quality and VIDA-didacticism: knowledge of reality must be accompanied by disclosure to be useful to society as a whole.
“Artistic and literary trends of the 18th century:
There are many literary phenomena that occur in this century:
-The postbarroquismo: Baroque features but becomes an extravagant art without content.
“Neoclassicism:
Around the World is a classic Greek and Latin, all natural, simple and reasonable.
-The pre-Romanticism, in the second half of the century, without abandoning the spirit of reform, there are demonstrations rejecting the standard literary neoclásica.Ensalza feelings over reason.
“The test:
A wide range of factors led to the development of the test from all perspectives, criticism, teaching and divulgativas.Todas matters and issues were contained in this genre and language structure moderno.El free trial became the preferred genre for disclosure of the principles of the Enlightenment.
-JOVELLANOS:
He expressed a deep concern about the main problems of his society: agriculture, the problem of Asturian, industry etc … Defended the training for scientists and humanities through the development intelectual.Escribio various works, among the most important are: report of the agrarian law, and reports on public performances and entertainment.