Safe Site Access & Programming Fundamentals

Posted on Nov 4, 2024 in Computers

Recommendations for Accessing Secure Sites

Maintaining Updated Software

Keep your operating system and browser updated. Install and update antivirus, firewall, and antispam software.

Using Strong Passwords

Avoid simple usernames and passwords. Utilize strong passwords and enable browser security options. Disable browser autocompletion of usernames and passwords on forms.

Secure Log Out

Always log out completely, rather than just closing the window.

Check for HTTPS

Verify that the website uses the secure HTTPS protocol. A web server’s HTTPS certificate ensures that you’re submitting data to the correct server.

Requirements for Secure Network Access

  • Ensure that security information is sent to the correct server and that the SSL protocol is secure.
  • This system uses random 128-bit keys in each session to prevent unauthorized third parties from intercepting messages.
  • Check transferred data to ensure its integrity and prevent alteration.

Malicious Software

Malicious software includes any program, document, or message that can harm your computer, leading to data loss, reduced performance, or illegal use.

Types of Malicious Software

  • Viruses: Programs that enter computers through CDs, the internet, email, or SMS. They reproduce by infecting other files, causing harmful or annoying actions.
  • Backdoors: Programs that allow control of your computer from within, potentially deleting hard drive contents or stealing confidential information.
  • Trojans: Programs installed without your knowledge, often alongside other programs, enabling data capture and attacks.
  • Keyloggers: Capture keystrokes.
  • Worms: Similar to viruses, they spread through email and congested networks.
  • Spyware: Programs that collect data on user preferences, tastes, and habits.
  • Adware: Programs that display advertisements for various products.
  • Dialers: Programs that use your phone line to make calls to premium-rate numbers, increasing your phone bill.
  • Phishing: Messages that attempt to trick you into providing private passwords for online services, email, or websites, often by impersonating legitimate companies.
  • Spam: Unsolicited bulk email.

Damage from Malicious Software

  • Identity theft
  • Loss of privacy
  • Password theft for online banking, leading to financial loss
  • System slowdown

Recommendations to Avoid Risks

  • Keep your operating system and software updated.
  • Stay informed about malicious software news.
  • Use common sense.

Common Social Engineering Techniques (Deception)

  • Fake online stores: Websites offering products that, once paid for, never arrive. Verify the legitimacy of businesses and their legal information.
  • Fake lotteries: Notifications of false prizes, requesting bank account details or upfront payments to claim winnings.
  • Pharming: Manipulating DNS connections to redirect users to fake websites that resemble legitimate ones.
  • Phishing: Stealing information by impersonating valid businesses, often banks, using seemingly correct web addresses.
  • Scams: Recruiting individuals through various media (email, chat) for well-paid work-from-home opportunities that involve money laundering.
  • Fake websites: Websites designed to collect personal information.

Programming Languages

Programming languages are sets of symbols and rules used to create programs.

Basic Elements of Programming Languages

  • Lexicon: The set of symbols and keywords specific to each language.
  • Syntax: Rules for constructing meaningful sentences using the language’s vocabulary.
  • Semantics: The meaning of sentences created using the vocabulary and syntax.

By organizing commands and data using a programming language, we can perform operations and make decisions based on values or conditions.

Classification of Programming Languages

Programming languages can be classified by their proximity to natural language, programming paradigm, or other characteristics.

Structured Programming

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