Sensory-Motor & Cognitive-Linguistic Development: Key Milestones & Interventions

Posted on Mar 22, 2025 in Psychology and Sociology

Unit 3: Symptoms and intervention in sensory motor problems

1. According to general principles of development, explain: discontinuity/continuity principle and hierarchy.

Discontinuity/ continuity: Development is a continuous process interrupted by rapid changes.

Hierarchy: social areas mature earlier than prefrontal and associative areas.

1. Which senses develop inside a mother’s womb?

Touch and taste

1. Mention and describe the 4 types of crying

Hunger: (regular and rhythmical)

Pain: (Intense)

Rage: (intense and screaming)

Attention: (appears from the 3 week)

1. What’s a psychological smile? When does it normally develop?

Reflex action at the beginning of life, to which adults attribute a positive intention to it. 1 month

1. Mention the key developmental milestones in terms of vision (from 0 to 9 months)

0-2: low vision acuity (30 cm)

3: colours and mothers face

4: no binocular vision

6-8: vision similar adults

9: expression in faces

1. In terms of visual acuity and visual field, what’s the difference between low vision and blindness?

Normal vision: 50% a 100%

Low vision: visual acuity of 30%-50%, visual field 90.>

Blindness: inability of vision because of partial blindness or only seen lights and shades

Once: visual acuity

OMS: visual acuity 10%-30%, field of

1. Mention 3 signs of alarm of visual impairment

Strabismus, blinking, headaches, dizziness, nausea.

1. What consequences may hearing loss have in development?

Less cognitive-language development

Less social affective development

1. What are the implications of the different types of hypoacusis?

Normal: 20db- learn to speak hearing others

Mild: 20 a 40 db- punctual support

Moderate. 40 a 70 db- no from distance, prosthesis and therapy

Severe: 70 a 90 db : late language development and deficitiary, systematic therapy

Deep hypoacusis: mas 90 db  not hearing, sign language

1. What’s the difference between Prelocutive and Postlocutive hypoacusis? Which one has better prognosis?

Prelocutive appears before the total language development. Worse prognosis (sign language)

Postlocutive appears after the total language development. Better prognosis (bimodal or cued speech)

1. Mention 3 signs of alarm of hypoacusis or deafness

   -Sound sleep

   -Do not turn the face to mom’s voice

   – Do not respond to his name

   1. What’s the difference between cued speech and bimodal system?

   Cued speech is a sing syllable methods, but with sound, not written

   Bimodal system is for vocabulary

   1. Mention and describe one alternative communication system

   Sign language: is not universal, it depends on the geographic place you are and its culture because as languages, it has its grammas and rules

   1. Mention 3 key developmental milestones in terms of motricity that occurs in the first year of life (provide range of months for each one)

   0-3: plays with hands and feet

   3-6:  rolls over

   6-12: sit down without support

1. Mention 2 key developmental milestones in terms of motricity that occurs in the second year of life (provide range of months for each one)

12-18: walks without support

18-24: bend the waist to pick up things

1. Mention and describe 3 neonatal reflexes

Moro: tend to reflex arms and legs

Rooting: turn head and open mouth

Swimming: moves arms and legs and holds breath when is in water.

1. When should not having developed a lateral preference be considered a risk?

2^nd circle

1. How do children construct body image?

From 5 sets of experiences:

–Proprioceptive sensations (muscles y tendons)

–Interceptive sensations (internal organs)

–Exteroceptive sensations (visual, auditory, taste, touch, olfactory)

1. What are the key aspects for children to construct “temporal structuring”?
2. Asleep/awake 2. Morning, afternoon, night 3. Telling the time organises cycles.

1. What’s the main difference between reflex movements and voluntary movements?

Reflex movements: spinal cord

Voluntary: cortex- brain stem- spinal cord muscles

1. Mention the origin of motor disabilities (4 types)

Cerebral origin, spinal origin, muscular origin, osseous origin.

1. What type of cerebral palsy is more common? What’s the most prevalent cause? What are the main problems associated?

Dysarthria. Affect to central nervous system. Articulation problems because of organic causes.

1. What’s spina bifida?

During pregnancy development vertebrates are not completed, so the cortex brain vertebrates are separated and can’t be covered and leads on physical and mental problems

1. Mention 3 possible motor disorders associated to brain trauma

Hemiparesis, apraxia (difficulty to perform guided actions), ataxia (coordination and equilibrium problems)

1. Mention 3 adaptations at school and 2 in the aula for children with motor impairment

-access entrance like ramps, elevators, adapted bathrooms, door with handle lever shape

-normalisation, methodological adaptations, significant adaptations. – Promoting positive attitudes towards students (normalisation), Methodological adaptations (non-significant adaptation): adapted material/technological support, Significant adaptations (level of competence adapted to student (for ex on physical education).

• Characteristics of motor disabilities:

– Heterogeneous

– Congenital or acquired (peri- or post-natal)

– Intelligence is preserved

– Prognosis depends on:

•             Etiology

•             Degree of severity

•             Moment of appearance

•             Associated disabilities

•             Cognitive level

•             Treatment received

*General functioning of motor skills

-Reflex movements (non-voluntary movements- inherited)-spinal cord

-Rhythm and coordination- equilibrium control –brain stem

-Manipulative movements (voluntary movements)- Motor cortex

Unit 4: Symptoms and intervention in cognitive-linguistic problems

1. What are the precursors of theory of mind in the sensorimotor stage?

Protodeclaratives gestures, intersubjetivity, symbolic play.

1. What’s deferred imitation?

Manifestation of semiotic function at the end of sensorimotor stage that enable the child to imitate when the model is absent, so it makes that the child develops internal patterns of representation of experiences lived in the past.

1. What’s the theory of mind or mind theory? At what age is it crucial for it to begin?

Capacity to understand mental representations in a practical way and beliefs and

Wishes as mental entities that are separated from reality. (3-5 ages)

1. What are the two main diagnostic criteria of intellectual disability?

-Intellectual quotient

-Affective behaviour development

1. What’s the criteria for intellectual disability according to IQ?

Mild: 50- 55/ 70-75

Moderate: 35-40/ 50-55

Severe: 20-25/ 35-40

Profund: below 20-25

1. Mention 2 examples of syndromes which are associated to intellectual disability
2. Fragile x syndrome
3. Edward
4. Down´s
5. Angelman
6. Prader – Willi
7. Klinefelter
8. What’s the difference between significant and non-significant adaptation?
9. Significant: change the objective and methodology
10. Non-significant: change methodology but same objective.
11. Give 3 examples of non-significant adaptation for students with intellectual disability

Flexibility, extra time, simplify the task, experimental and functional activities, peer monitoring, adapt material, adapt objectives.

1. Mention 5 key developmental milestones from 0-4 years old (provide range for each one)

1-2 months: twitter

12-18: 1 word

18-24 word explosion

24-36: 5oo words

36-48: direct their speech to others

1. What’s the difference between dysphasia and aphasia?

Dysphasia: difficulty to express or recept language

Aphasia: difficulty with language because of a brain damage

1. What’s the difference between language delay and late talkers?

Late talker learn language slowly, and delay talkers they have delay language, so the second ones finished kindergarten without speaking, with communicative, expressive, grammatical problems…

1. Define social communication disorder

Disorder in pragmatic language that contributes to difficulty of talking while walking, staying in a topic…

1. What’s the difference between simple dyslalia and multi-dyslalia?

Multidyslalia more than one phoneme affected.

1. Mention 3 criteria for dysphemia and 2 interventions

-Sound and syllable repetition

-prolongation of consonant and vowels

-broken words

*not correct, not interrupt

1. Write 4 orientations for parents of children with some oral language impairment
2. Remind parents when implementing activities with the child to:
3. Allow plenty of time for child responses
4. Repeat activities several times
5. Use  simple language
6. What are the 2 main characteristics of autism?

Aggressive and no social

1. Mention 3 red flags of autism

–unusual social interactions

-repetitive behaviours

– Absence of typical play.

Unit 5: Premature babies

1. What’s the aim of prenatal intervention?

Follow up the featus behaviour through the whole pregnancy.

1. Choose one area for prenatal stimulation of the foetus and explain the intervention

Auditory stimulation, visual stimulation, tactile stimulation and vestibular stimulation.

Visual stimulation:

Certain light pass through the abdominal wall. Fetes have eyes close until week 26 but in 16 week he react at light. So we can flashlight with coloured filter and moving up and down, left to right, or in circular movements.

1. Define the degrees of prematurity

Late premature: born 33-36 week, usually needs little extra care.

Premature: 27-33 week, high rate of survival, but possible sequels as a visual, auditory or psychomotor problems

Great premature: 23-26 week, usually weigh under 1 kg, needs weeks of intensive care.

1. What can be done to prevent prematurity?

-Not being a teenager mum

-Not to be underweight

-History preterm

-Spacing between births

1. Mention 10 possible consequences of prematurity in later development

Delays, Behaviour problems, ADHD, cerebral palsy, autism, breathing problems, intestine problems, infections, dental problems, hearing loss, vision problems.

1. Mention 2 signs of behavioural problems

Moving all time, can´t play quietly, excessive fears.

1. Mention 2 signs of anxiety and withdrawal

Excessive shyness, no wants to play with others, scared about unknown situations

1. Mention possible therapies for premature babies after hospitalization

Physical, speech, occupational, parents role is important and intervention of ECI services.

1. What’s the vulnerable child syndrome?

Parents continue thinking that former premature is still being fragile to problems even if the child is well developed and healthy.

1. What’s kangaroo care?

It is a method that consist in skin contact between the parents and the child, especially premature babies, so that promote bonding between them.

1. What are the benefits of music therapy?

Wellbeing, decrease heart rate, improving oxygen saturation, easily to cope with stressful situations, facilitate interaction with adults, fells more comfortable.

1. What’s the best way to do massage therapy? Describe the technique

With moderate pressure and passive movements of arms and legs by a specialist or caregiver. In order to weight gain and bones density. 10-15 min. 3 a week

Unit 6: Intervention with families

1. What’s “mourning because of unborn child”?

It is a process of paying more attention to parents than to child at initial stages.

1. What may be the different family reactions to the diagnosis?

Culpability, disorientated and uncertainness.

1. Provide 3 tips for the initial interview with families
2. What can family do at home to benefit child intervention?

Language activities, speech activities and motricity activities, in a clear way, with guidance and short paces.

1. Give 4 examples of strategies that the therapist may use in a parent conference

Conversation, questionnaires, mapping, problem solving and environmental scan

1. What’s the family’s role in children development?

Love, be patient, support, allow the child to express, guide, help.

1. What’s the difference between primary and secondary socialisation?
2. Is in child’s home environment
3. Child learns to adapt behaviour according to the context where he is.
4. What’s secure attachment?

Relation between the mother or caregiver with the infant that makes possible a sae and supportive environment where they could explore the world.

1. Define the 3 insecure attachment patterns

Insecure avoidant pattern, insecure ambivalent pattern, disorganized and controlling attachment pattern

1. What’s self-esteem?

Good feeling that permit children to grow in confidence and emotional structure

1. What type of behaviours may appear as a consequence of a low self-esteem?

Less level of motivation, bad experiences in learning, no valued and respected, low level of confidentiality, no secure and loved, negative attachment and feedback for effort, no consistent structure and routine

1. What’s the difference between internal and external locus of control?
2. Write 3 examples of how to intervene with children with insecure attachment

–Managing need of dependency vs independence

-Managing behaviour while supporting emotional development

-Supporting children with shame-based difficulties

1. Orientations for the intervention with shy children
2. Write 2 examples of how to intervene in aggressive behaviour
3. What’s pretend play? What concepts are related with it? What’s the critical age for pretend play?

Is a form to play involving non-literal actions, which means that kids know about the difference between reality and the pretend game.Ex: They use the banana to talk by phone.

Concepts: cognitive, 2 social skills, such as symbolic thinking and theory of mind and counterfactual reasoning. Around 18 months start to appear pretend play. 3-5 years they have more imagination.

Unit 2: Fields and risk factors

1. What are risk factors? (mention 3 examples of each category)
2. Characteristic at the biological, psychological, family, community and culture level that is associated with a higher probability of problematic results.
3. Biopsychological: in newborn babies – be born with 1500>3>7>During childhood- early childhood in a sheter, difficult temperament, physical illness, difficulties in specific learning, difficulties in communication, failred academic results.
4. Enviromental: in family– have a teenager mother, use of drugs during pregnancy, low economical level in the family. In community– low economical and social level neirbohood, homeless in heribohod and discrimination in neirbohood.

1. What are protective factors? (mention 3 examples of each category)

• Characteristic at the biological, psychological, family, community or culture level that is associated with a lower probability of problematic results or that reduce the negative impact of a risk factor.
• Biopsychological: in new-born babies– being female (because girls have 2x chromosomes and protect them about some alterations), no chromosomic alterations. During childhood– high intelligence, humour, religious faith, ability to reflect, good communication skills.
• Environmental: in family– secure relations, support education, discipline. in community- good standard neirdbohood, school good behaviour, opportunities in school

1. What do APGAR tests evaluate? Which score is considered a risk?
2. APGAR is a method that summarise the new-born babies health, evaluating it through 5 criteria, which are: , apparience,pulse grimace, activity , respiration.
3. A score about 7 or above is considered as normal, between 6 to 4 is considered as fairly low and 3 or less is considered critical low.
4. What’s primary intervention? Mention 2 services involved

• Is a preventive level to avoid situations that can lead to the appearance of disorders or disabilities
• Sanitary assistance, vaccinations, family planning, follow up of pregnancy, information about risk factors and their prevention, primary pediatric attention.
• What’s the main difference between secondary intervention and tertiary intervention?

Secondary intervention: has the aim of detect and diagnose disorders or risk situations that could influence negatively in the child´s development.

Is aimed at population at risk

Services: protocol for assessment and early detection and signs of alarm

Tertiary interventions: has the aim of mitigate the effects of biopsychosocial crisis

Is aimed to population with developmental disorders, disabilities or even with disadvantageous social situation.

Services: improvements of all areas in child´s development and help the family to accept the problem, and give the guidelines to work with the child at home.

1. Is psychological resilience a personality trait? Is it something that can be learned? Provide a short definition

Psychological resilience is an individual ability to have a successful adaptation to life tasks even having a social disadvantage or highly adverse conditions.

It can be learned and developed, it should be seen as a process rather than as a trait.

1. What’s the difference between multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary teams?

Multidisciplinary:

-Limited interaction

-Task developed individually

-Decisions taken individually

-Reports written individually

– Risk of lack of coordination.

Interdisciplinary:

-Richer interaction

-task developed individually but information is shared

-Decisions taken in group

-coordinator´s lack of flexibility

Transdisciplinary:

-Richest interaction

-Task developed in groups

-Decisions taken in group

-Reports written by group

-Difficult to coordinate

1. What type of teams are formed in ECI?

Multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary.

Offer: health services, social services and education services, CDIAT.

1. Describe the functioning of CDIATs

Aim: Attention to infants between 0 to 6 years old, with developmental disorders or risk of suffering them with a multiprofessional staff, interdisciplinary staff and holistic orientation: physicians, psychologist, educational and social staff.

Primary intervention and secondary intervention:

-Programs destined to families or future parents, providing them information to avoid some problems appearance.

– Programs destined to professional, because they are the reference figure for families in health, social and educational services.

Tertiary intervention:

• Initial assessment
• Therapy intervention
• Assessment follow up
• Derivation

1. What are the roles of health services in the different levels of intervention?
2. Detection of risk factors before pregnancy
3. Care pregnant woman ( especially those ones with high risk)
4. Detection of fetal alterations
5. Psychological attention to pregnant women with fetal deficiency seen in prenatal diagnosis.
6. What are the roles of social services in the different levels of intervention?
7. Promotion of family social well- being
8. Prevention programs
9. Programs of early intervention in psychosocial field
10. What are the roles of education services in the different levels of intervention?

Primary intervention: Take into account all areas of development (affective, physical, social, moral)

Secondary intervention: Psicopedalogical assessment (detection of SEN, curricular adaptations, school placement and technical aids)

Tertiary intervention:

School placement normalization except if needs are not catered for

Providing school placement if necessary

Specialization stall in specific centres

Cooperation between infants schools and CDIAT, providing guidance to familie, obsevating needs of chidren and derivate if necessary, inform parents about their child behaviour, in school, his development.

1. What’s neuroplasticity? Why it is important to consider it in ECI? In which period of life, we may find higher level of neuroplasticity?

Capacity neurons have to modify their synoptic structures and form new neural connections. Is important to consider n ECI because it covers ages between o to 6 years old and the period of time between 0 to 3 years old is when we have more brain plasticity.

1. Provide a definition of Early Childhood Intervention

Service to assure that families with infants or toddlers between 0 to 6 years old with diagnosed disabilities, delays or substantial risk of developmental delays, receive the supports and resources needed, to assist them in maximizing their child´s development.

ECI builds upon the natural learning occurring in those 1 few years and is supported in the child´s natural environment.

1. What’s the tradition of ECI in Europe? Mention main antecedents

In Europe tradition of ECI is quantitative, based on observations rather that in standardised tests.

-Darwin: describes neonatal reflexology and infants behaviour

-María Montessori: Is the responsible of a school for poor people in Rome

1. What are the fields that have an influence in ECI development?

-Early infant education

– Special education

– Research child´s development

1. What are the aims of ECI?

-Reduce the effects of a disorder or disability in the whole global child’s development.

-Optimise as much as possible the child´s development.

– Introduce the necessary compensation mechanism, elimination of barriers, and adaptation to specific or associated needs.

1. Mention some differences between intervention with SEN and non-SEN students

SEN

Home service:

-A specialist goes to the family address

-1/2 times per week or month (until the child can goes to the centre)

– In individual work with the child, and with the parents.

Specialised centre:

-parents go with the child to the centre

-1/2/3 days per week

– Individual sessions or group sessions with children with similar characteristics.

*Intervention starts when the problem is diagnosed, and finishes when the problem overcomes (mostly all academic life)

NON SEN

 Home service:

• A teacher goes to family address
• ½ days per week or month ( unit fixed aims are achieved)
• Works with the child and with the parents.

Specialised centre:

-Family takes the child to the centre

– 1 or 2 days per week

Child work individual sessions and group sessions.

1. What’s the purpose of the following methods of intervention: Doman, kumon, Bobath, and Padovan?

Kumon: Linguistic and mathematical skills

Doman: Reading for children

Padovan: Motricity, language and thinking (recognition of the nervous system)

Bobath: Motricity

*Baby sign language

1. Describe the processes implied in the following activities examples:
2. Bingo activity: We implied attention to the numbers they have, memorisation, fine motricity.
3. Memorise some syllables and then change mentally the order of them to construct a word: attention, memorisation and gross motricity.
4. Copy some picture using different pieces: attention, memorisation, fine motricity
5. Obstacle course: attention, gross motricity.
6. What’s the difference between stimulation program and early intervention program?

Stimulation program: Set of activities, exercises, massages, games, songs… aimed for children between 0 to 6 years old with the aim of enhancing the multiple intelligences of him or her.

Intervention program: Set of actions aimed to children between 0 to 6 years old and their families and environment with the goal of answering as much as possible to their needs like developmental disorders or under risk of suffering them

20) According to Witte Paper of early intervention… a) The intervention should be planned by a multidisciplinary team b) The intervention should be planned by an interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary professional team c) A and be are correct d) The intervention should be planned by an interdisciplinary team 21) Some of the aims of ECI are: a) Reduce the effects of a disorder or disability in the whole global child’s development b) Optimize, as far as possible, the child’s course of development c) Attend to and cover the needs and demands of the family and the environment in which the child lives
d) All of them are correct 22) Where ECI may be done? a) At home, at school and special centers b) home service and specialized centers c) at school by a professional of EAT (early intervention teams) d) at the hospital 23) Which of these intervention trains psychomotricity? a) Doman b) Padovan c) Kumon d) Padovan and Bobath

Unit 2
24) What’s a protective factor? a) A characteristic at the biological, psychological, family, or community level that is associated with a lower likelihood of problem outcomes or that reduces the negative impact of a risk factor on problem outcomes b) A characteristic at the biological, psychological, family, community, or cultural level that precedes and is associated with a higher likelihood of problem outcomes c) A characteristic at the biological and psychological level that is associated with a lower likelihood of problem outcomes or that reduces the negative impact of a risk factor on problem outcomes d) Identifying protective and risk factors in youth may guide the prevention and intervention strategies to pursue with them 25) Chose risk factor: a) APGAR
c) Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, muscle tone d) Appearance, Pulse, Grimace and Respiration 29) Chose risk factors: a) Living close to the city center b) Being premature c) Prolonged mechanical ventilation d) B and c are correct 30) One social risk factor is… a) Malformation of the of the central nervous system b) Hyperbilirubinemia c) Accidental traumatizing pregnancy d) Postnatal infections 31) The aim of primary intervention is: a) To detect and diagnose diseases, disorders or situations of risk that could influence child development negatively b) To avoid situations that might lead to appearance of deficiencies or disorders c) To mitigate effects of biopsychosocial crisis d) None of them are correct 32) Health care services included in primary intervention are: a) Follow-up of pregnancy b) Vaccinations c) Primary pediatric attention d) All are correct 33) In primary intervention educational services… a) Programs are aimed at groups in risk situations due to social conditions such as adolescent mothers, immigrant population, etc. b) Support actions aimed at the child and its family from primary schools c) Offer a stable and stimulating environment to children who might suffer from adverse conditions within the family d) B and c are correct 34) What are the areas of diagnosis? a) Biological, psychological, social and educational fields. b) Biological, psychological and educational fields c) Psychological, social and educational fields d) Biological, social and educational fields 35) Hemianopsia is: A) Lack of mobility in half part of the body B) Lack of sensibility in half part of the body C) Lack of perception in half part of the visual field D) Lack of attention in half part of the space 36) Tertiary prevention aimed at…: a) Aimed at population with developmental disorders, disabilities or in a disadvantageous social situation + their families & environment
b) Aimed at population at risk c) Aimed to the whole population d) A and b are correct 37) Childhood Development and Early Intervention Centers in Spain are called: a) EAT b) EOEPS c) CDIAT d) CDEC 38) Resilience is…: a) The natural ability to overcome stressful situation b) A personality trait of brave people c) Individual’s ability to successfully adapt to life tasks in the face of social disadvantage or highly adverse conditions (family or relationship problems, health problems, financial worries, etc.). d) A process that goes after mourning 39) In which teams are the most higher level of interaction? a) Transdisciplinary teams b) Interdisciplinary teams c) Multidisciplinary teams d) A and c are correct 40) At CDIAT staff are: a) Multi-professional and interdisciplinary b) Transdisciplinary c) There are no teams d) Extraprofessional 41) CDIAT does: a) Primary intervention b) Secondary intervention c) Tertiary intervention d) All of them 42) Social services are responsible of: a) Promotion of family attachment b) Prevention programs c) Programs of early intervention in the psychol

Unit 3
43) What are the brain regions that phylogenetically mature earlier? a) Associative areas b) Prefrontal areas c) Sensomotor areas d) Motor areas 44) When do the fetus has developed the basic cerebral structure?
a) The first trimester of gestation b) The first two trimester of gestation c) At the end of the third trimester of gestation d) On the second trimester of gestation 45) Chose the correct one: a) At 16 weeks of gestation the whole body is sensible to touch b) At 24 weeks of gestation the whole body is sensible to touch c) At 38-40 weeks of gestation the whole body is sensible to touch d) At 32 weeks of gestation the whole body is sensible to touch 46) Chose the correct one: a) Around 6 – 8 months the view is similar to the adult. b) Around 4-5 months the view is similar to the adult. c) Around 2-3 months the view is similar to the adult. d) Around 10 months the view is similar to the adult. 47) Binocular convergence is…: a) Accuracy to see details in distance b) Integration of colors c) The ability to focus both eyes on same spot d) The ability to focus on visual details 48) Regarding faces, one-month baby focus on: a) Details inside face b) Faces contour c) Eyes d) Mouth 49) ERPs means: a) Event reproductive potential b) Early rehabilitation programs c) Event related potentials d) Electronic restoring pulse 50) When does psychological smile appear? a) Around 6 moths of life b) Around 3 months of life c) Around 1 month of life d) Around 2 months of life 51) Low vision implies: a) Visual acuity 30-50%, or visual field 35º>70º>52) How do we measure hearing loss? a) Sound discrimination b) Decibels c) Frequency d) Amperes
53) Mild hypoacusis means a hearing loss of: a) 20 dB b) 70-90 dB c) 40-70 dB d) 30-50 dB 54) Which of those have better prognosis? a) Deafness b) Hypoacusis c) Prelocutive hypoacusis d) Postlocutive hypoacusis 55) Which of those are alternative communication systems? a) Pictograms b) Bimodal c) Cue speech d) Sign language 56) At what age it is normal to crawl? a) 3-6 months b) 6-8 months c) 9-12 months d) None of them are correct 57) Which of these is “Babinski reflex”? a) Touching mouth stimulates sucking b) Startle reflex fling arms and legs upwards c) Stroking foot causes toes to turn and fan out d) Grasp any object place in hand 58) What the correct answer according to laws of development? a) Cephalic-caudal & distal-proximal laws b) Cephalic-caudal & proximal-distal laws c) Caudal-cephalic & proximal-distal laws d) Cephalic-caudal & proximal-supinus laws 59) Voluntary movements require control of: a) Spinal cord b) Brain + spinal cord c) Brain d) Brain + spinal cord+ muscles 60) What’s the origin of ataxia? a) Spinal origin b) Muscular origin c) Cerebellum origin d) Cortex origin 61) What’s the most common disorder associated to cerebral palsy? a) Intellectual disability b) Ataxia c) Spastic movements
d) Dysarthria 62) Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy: a) Has a biological origin b) Has a genetical origin that may be only express in women c) Has a genetical origin (recessive gene in X chromosome) d) Men transmit if but do not suffer it 63) Sindactilia is: a) Interdigital Fusion or membrane between fingers b) Lack of one finger c) Having an extra finger d) None of them are correct

64) Follow the gaze of another person, according to developmental milestones is normal at: a) 3 months b) 2 months c) +6 months d) 4 months 65) Babies recognize and respond to their own name at: a) 6 months b) 9-12 months c) +18 months d) 6-9 months 66) Understand that objects and events exist independent of who sees/hears/touches them is called…: a) Shared attention b) Object permanence c) Object representation d) Symbolic thinking 67) When do symbolic game begins? a) +24 months b) +12 months c) +6 months d) +18 months 68) When “private speaking” is normal? a) 24-36 months b) 12-14 months c) 0-12 months d) 36-48 months 69) When do children start with theory of mind? a) 24-36 months b) +48 months
c) 12-24 months d) None of them are correct 70) Which of those requires mental representations? a) Theory of mind b) Protodeclaratives c) Symbolic game d) All of them are correct 71) Chose the right one: a) IQ=Intelligence quoficient b) IQ=Intelligence quoficiency c) IQ=intelligence quotient d) IQ=intellectual quotient 72) The average and standard deviation of most test are: a) 115/20 b) 100/15 c) 85/30 d) None of them are correct 73) Chose the adaptive behaviour example: a) Counting b) Arts and crafts c) Orientation in space and time d) A and c 74) Babbling is…: a) The emission of sounds b) Twitter c) First word construction d) Replication of syllables 75) When does “vocabulary explosion” occur? a) 12-18 months b) The first year of life c) 18-24 months d) +24 months 76) Language development disorder on both receptive and expressive language (not consequence of other disorder) is… a) Aphasia b) Dysarthria c) Language delay d) Dysphasia 77) In what type of aphasia verbal comprehension is preserved but there are difficulties on language articulation? a) Wernicke b) Broca c) Transmission d) Motor
78) Which disorder may be misunderstood as autism? a) ADHD b) Selective mutism c) Social communication disorder d) Dyslalia 79) Choose signs of alarm of dysarthria: a) Your child has delayed fine motor milestones, such as difficulty grasping objects like rattles at 6 months and picking up small objects using the thumb and index finger at 9 months. b) Your child is experiencing delayed gross motor milestones, such as difficulty sitting up without support at 9 months and pulling to stand at 12 months. c) Your child has difficulty with feeding and eating, such as difficulty nursing or bottle-feeding and eating solid food. d) All of them are correct 80) White noise is used for intervention in: a) Dyslalia b) Dysarthria c) Dysphasia d) Dysphemia 81) Chose the items of A criteria in autism (deficits in social communication and social interaction) a) Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech (e.g. motor stereotypies, lining up toys or flipping objects, echolalia, idiosyncratic phrases). b) Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships ranging, for example, from difficulties adjusting behaviour to suit various social contexts; to difficulties in sharing imaginative play or in making friends; to absence of interest in peers. c) Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (e.g. strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects, excessively circumscribed or perseverative interests). d) A and b are correct 82) Developmental plateaus mean: a) Regression b) Developmental delay c) Developmental gap d) High capability 83) The combination of more naturalistic behavioral strategies with an understanding of typical development has led to a type of intervention in autism called: a) Denver Model b) Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence c) Naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions d) None of them

Unit 5
84) Prenatal intervention is address to: a) The foetus b) The foetus and the mother c) The father d) The parents and the foetus 85) Fetus with closed eyelids until week… a) 26 of pregnancy b) 30 of pregnancy c) 24 of pregnancy d) The whole pregnancy 86) The length of a normal pregnancy is: a) 38 weeks b) 37-42 weeks c) 40 weeks d) None of them are correct 87) Great premature or pre-term of extremely low weight are born at: a) 27-33 weeks of pregnancy b) 23-26 weeks of pregnancy c) 20-22 weeks of pregnancy d) B and c are correct 88) Premature babies may develop: a) Breathing problems b) Learning disabilities c) Personality disorders d) A and b are correct 89) What’s the percentage of babies born early and with low birth weight who will have more discrete, subtle difficulties when they reach school age? a) 60% b) 50% c) 40% d) 20% 90) Some signs of behavioural problems are: a) Doing poorly in school b) Extreme shyness c) Being sociable d) A and b are correct 91) The aim of… is to help babies to tackle basic activities of everyday life, like eating, playing, and interacting with others a) Speech therapy b) Psychical therapy c) Occupational therapy d) Educational psychology
92) When parents (or other caregivers) continue to think of former premature as fragile and susceptible to problems even though the child is physically and developmentally healthy is called… a) Vulnerable child syndrome b) Overprotected child syndrome c) Weak child syndrome d) Premature syndrome 93) Chose kangaroo method benefits: a) baby’s stable heart rate b) improved oxygen saturation levels c) More rapid weight gain d) All of them are correct 94) Which of these tests have a screening version? a) Merril Palmer b) Secadas scale c) Battelle d) WIPSI V

Unit 6
95) In which diagnostic period sometimes, family reaction is relief for finding explanation for odd behaviors? a) Diagnosis due to parent’s suspicion b) Diagnosis through routine test c) Diagnosis after labour d) Diagnosis during pregnancy 96) When family receive an unexpected diagnosis about his/her child they experience a process of: a) Sadness b) Grief c) Mourning d) Surprise 97) In the initial interview with the family it is recommended: a) Go straight to the point b) Use and explain technical words c) Talk about prognosis negatively d) Provide the information, bearing in mind the child’s most probable evolution, long term prognostic and therapeutic possibilities 98) Which model pay more attention to attachment? a) Developmental-educational b) Systemic c) Transactional d) Ecological 99) In the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, researchers observed that:
a) Institutionalization is detrimental to the socioemotional development of children b) Institutionalization is challenging for the cognition and social development of children c) Institutionalization is detrimental to the cognitive and social development of children d) It was better to staty from time to time in a family context 100) Secondary socialisation takes place through: a) Children homes b) At school c) A and b are correct d) Local community, tv, story books, computer, peer groups 101) The patter of attachment that develops out of a relationship with a carer who will sometimes meet the child’s needs, but this is more dependent on his or her mood than the child’s need is called: a) Insecure ambivalent b) Insecure avoidant c) Disorganized d) Insecure neglecting 102) In …..attachment pattern children can appear withdrawn and quiet or more self-reliant than expected for their age. a) Disorganised b) Insecure ambivalent c) Insecure avoidant d) Secure 103) Children with low self-esteem… a) Are confident b) Are shy c) Resist decision-making situations d) Accept being corrected 104) If a child has attachment problems and is insecure we should: a) Push him/her to be more independent b) Try to be distant in some situations c) Avoid personal bonds d) None of them are correct 105) Confident behaviour may mask a) a child’s anxiety or need to show that he or she is ‘good at everything’. b) Low self-esteem c) Aggressiveness d) Need to take control over situations 106) Aggressive behavior may mask: a) child is overwhelmed by emotions b) Child is unable to find another way to express feelings, feeling frustrated, threatened or helpless, or perceives unfairness
c) Child feels the need to hit first before being hit, is acting out things which have happened to him or her. d) All of them are correct