Sewerage System Construction: Processes and Elements

Posted on Apr 6, 2025 in Business Administration and Innovation Management

Item 5.4

Sequence of Construction Processes for Reorganization

Sanitation refers to the ductwork leading wastewater from a building to a treatment plant or a sewage treatment plant. After purification treatment, the water can be reused or discharged into the sea.

If there is no sewerage system, a separate wastewater collection system is necessary, such as a septic tank and absorbent field. The difference between them lies not only in whether they decompose or treat waters, but also in the storage space. A black hole is a pit to be emptied periodically by a special tank truck.

Categories of Wastewater:

  • Domestic Sewage
  • Industrial Wastewater
  • Atmospheric Waters

Unit System vs. Separate Systems:

Unit System: Systems in which all collectors are gathered at a single carriage.

Separate Systems: Using two pipes or pipe networks that do not require independent purification treatment.

Elements of a Sewerage Network

Elements that form the network include siphons, risers and downpipes, collectors or sewers, grease separators, septic tanks, boxes, etc.

  • Risers and Downpipes: Connect the sewer to the sanitary equipment.
  • Horizontal Collectors or Sewers: Horizontal pipes convey wastewater from different fixtures and carry water to a sewerage network.
  • Manholes: These are containers designed to connect two or more pipes with different trajectories.
  • Grease Separator: A type of manhole where the inlet and outlet are positioned to separate fats that rise in wastewater.
  • Septic Tank: When built near buildings without a sewerage system or treatment plant, they are responsible for treating sewage.
  • Well-log: To facilitate the connection and revision or registration of the main collector of the internal drainage network.

Construction Process

Basic Principles of a Sanitation Network

  1. Ensure that the pipes are tight to prevent water leakage.
  2. Avoid obstructions in pipes, such as leftover mortar joints.
  3. Provide pipes with a uniform slope to allow solid matter to flow smoothly.
  4. Collect the collectors’ drain in a straight line.
  5. Build a manhole if multiple pipelines converge to form a single stretch of drain.
  6. Have checkpoints at intervals of less than 15 meters.
  7. Build a manhole on the border of the property before connecting to the sewer.

Procedures for Connecting Collectors

  1. Mark the placement of pipes and manholes on the ground.
  2. Calculate the depth of the excavation, adding thickness to the sill.
  3. Excavate the trench to the proper depth.
  4. Place the sill, leveling the bottom of the trench.
  5. Place collectors on the sill, ensuring proper levels. Unite pipes so that the appropriate end to the bell is the one that receives the water flow.
  6. Check pipes.
  7. Refill ditches.

Procedure for Construction of Manholes

  1. Mark the location of the manholes on the ground.
  2. Calculate digging depth.
  3. Excavate the well to the proper depth.
  4. Construct the sill.
  5. Raise the walls, incorporating the pipes that pass through them, filling the space around the branch with concrete.
  6. Waterproof the interior with 1:3 mortar, rounding corners.
  7. Place a concrete lid on top.

Resources

  • Protective equipment and materials
  • Tools
  • Transportation and maintenance system
  • Workforce
  • Aids
  • Machines