Skincare Essentials: Cleansing, Hydration, and Treatment
a) Gels with hydroglycolic acid are indicated for dry skin.
b) Azulene has adsorbent and decongestant properties.
c) Synthetic detergents have a significant antimicrobial effect.
d) Cleansing emulsions can produce a sensation of tightness on the skin after application.
e) Excess moisturizer can dry the skin.
f) Masks are contraindicated for people with circulatory problems.
A) For oily skin, polymers are added.
B) (Statement unclear, requires context).
C) Additives do not alter the pH of the skin.
D) (Statement unclear, requires context, possibly referring to a specific mask).
E) For the rebound effect.
F) In people with oily skin.
Mechanisms of Skin Contamination
Two mechanisms by which skin gets dirty are:
- Exogenous: Dust, cosmetics, atmospheric residue.
- Endogenous: Sebaceous secretions, epithelial desquamation, organic substances from sweat decomposition.
Soap Characteristics
What type of soap has a high foaming capacity and is irritating?
Sodium salts of short-chain fatty acids.
Key Ingredients
What is the active principle?
Surfactants.
What about the excipient?
Distilled water.
Corrective Additives
What are the corrective additives used?
Surfactants (responsible for cleaning), water as a carrier (deionized and sterile distilled water), rheological agents (thickeners such as salt), foam stabilizers (increase foam duration and help maintain product viscosity), sequestrants of metal ions (immobilize ions that can react with surfactants and nullify their action), pH control (pH value compatible with skin, around 5.5), emollient superfatting agents (help replace natural fats removed during cleansing, providing a soothing effect, such as lanolin).
Other Additives
What about the additives?
Perfume (e.g., strawberry aroma), color (e.g., pink), antimicrobial preservatives, and antioxidants.
Detergent Risks
Why might a detergent product be risky?
They can irritate the skin due to their alkalinity, which facilitates the penetration of foreign substances. Roughness can occur if not rinsed well, liberating fatty acids that irritate skin follicles and promote acne.
Hydration Methods
Four hydration methods:
Occlusive oils: mineral oil; fatty acids: stearic acid; vegetable waxes: carnauba and candelilla; wax esters: lanolin or beeswax.
Sensitive Skin Considerations
Qualities for sensitive skin products:
Should contain chamomile extract, mallow, and soothing agents such as azulene and decongestants.
Toners Explained
What is a toner?
A cosmetic liquid that produces a cooling effect, rebalances the skin’s pH, and, depending on its active ingredients, may have astringent, soothing, or moisturizing properties.
Dry Skin Ingredients
What active ingredients should a product for dry skin contain?
Humectants such as glycerin, aloe, and oatmeal.
Scrubs and Exfoliation
Vinyl resins are used in gel masks.
What are the active principles of scrubs?
Finely divided powders.
Excipient function:
To remove surface skin cells, leaving the skin clean, soft, and renewed. Examples: sulfur and salicylic acid.
Exfoliation Factors
Factors affecting exfoliation:
Skin type, exfoliation zone, presence of skin changes, and skin sensitivity.
Mask Types
Types of masks (emulsions according to their composition):
Creams containing natural or synthetic thickeners. Filmogenic: promotes skin moisturization. Derivatives or acrylic thickeners are used for aging or dehydrated skin.