Smart Home Automation Systems: Wiring and Pre-Installation
Wired systems use physical wire connections to capture data and control elements. This method is traditionally used in conventional power plants.
In programmed systems, signal reception items, such as performance metrics, are connected to an electronic device. This device is programmed to define the operation of the circuit.
A device can be considered part of a home automation system if it can send or receive information from other system elements.
Circuits in a Home Automation Installation
Power Supply Circuit (Actuators and Loads): This circuit feeds various actuators and installation loads, such as lamps, electric motors, awnings, and blinds. It’s represented by three lines: phase, neutral, and ground.
Power Supply Circuit (Automation Components): This circuit powers specific automation components that require voltages different from the grid. It’s represented by two lines, indicating the positive and negative poles.
Automation Circuit: This circuit carries control signals sent by sensors and received by actuators through the automation node.
Pre-Installation Home Automation Features
Telecommunications Services: Integrate telecommunications services by connecting the general electrical distribution box to the User Access Point (UAP) using a dedicated channel. This facilitates future integration of the home automation system with other telecommunication services.
General Distribution Box: In centralized systems, install the primary node and its feeding device in the general distribution box near the court switchgear and electrical installation protection. In homes with multiple plants, install a separate box for plant protection and control.
Junction Box for Automation System: Use junction boxes to make splices and taps in the home automation wiring. Install them at strategic locations near electrical installation boxes.
Pipes: Install a separate conduit system specifically for home automation wiring.
Mechanism Boxes: Use universal-type boxes, similar to those used for electrical mechanisms, to house home automation devices.
Room-Specific Pre-Installation Considerations
Hallway: Provide one or more electrical sockets. Control lighting manually or using electromechanical switches, home automation components like sensors, or buttons.
Living Room: In addition to lighting control, consider the following:
- Room temperature control via a thermostat.
- Manual or remote control of blinds.
- Smoke or fire detection for fire alarms and technical safety.
Kitchen: Implement techniques for detecting fire, smoke, gas, and water leaks.
Bedroom: Plan for manual and automatic control of lighting and blinds.
Terrace: Consider installing automatic watering systems for plants and gardens, as well as weather sensor equipment.
Garage: Pre-install wiring for manual and automatic lighting control. It’s also advisable to install a flood sensor, as garages often have water intakes.
Bathroom: Perform the following pre-installations:
- A thermostat for room temperature control.
- Manual or automatic lighting management sensors.
- Flood sensors.
- Sensor support for health emergencies.