Social Deviance: Perspectives, Anomie, and the Construction of Norms

Posted on Sep 9, 2024 in Psychology and Sociology

Text Divergence and Divergence – Gilberto Velho

Resolution: Standard. Two perspectives: Individual (psychologizing, anomie) x Social (cultural anomie).

Objectives: To break with the disruptions that create homogeneous entities and antagonism. Criticizing the dichotomous method, knowledge, systematic analytical reductionism, and determinism.

Detour: Threat or redemption? Deviant today, civilizing hero tomorrow. Crisis or change? The deviant as one part of society and culture, but that makes reading dissenting. View deviant behavior in areas where action is normal. Critical to the functional analysis of Merton. Socio-cultural and pressure deviation. Imbalance between goals and means. Unequal emphasis. Hence the deviation, the anomie. Concern with social integration, with the proper functioning of society. Never questioned the social structure.

Notes:

• The deviation is not a natural given; it depends on the historical and social reality and is therefore variable.
• If a person is today considered deviant, this behavior can tomorrow be evaluated differently, and the person can be considered a hero. Gilberto knows deviant or deviation from the historical point of view, being taken into account the change in people’s behavior, or even change the view we have of people and behaviors. That is, change can occur or vision of reality that people have of reality. You cannot go back to a behavior or attitude (e.g., killing one person), but the vision and interpretation of a behavior can be changed.
• Everything thought of as abstract and universal is always concrete and relative. By universal, abstracted out and takes out of context. History is expressed and is within the context. Under the law, diversion is a problem. But the gap is actually a threat or may be a redemption? For Gilbert, the gap allows the company to rethink pass on their values, i.e., there is a redemption. The difference gives the condition of questioning. When you think the reason for the deviation, it is even being questioned. The crisis may mean deviations (the company’s evaluative point of view may be in crisis), such a crisis of values, ethical crisis. But the deviations can also mean change (the breach of rules to show the society that it has changed, there was a change of values). The deviation, therefore, is not all bad; it generates a condition of thought about the position of the company. Ex: decriminalization of certain conduct to the state is in crisis and no longer able to impose a certain behavior or state has changed (rethought their values due to deviations). The drift shows a positive aspect: discuss.
• The deviant is not marginal to say that common sense (that is marginal is that the margins of society), as this is not consistent since all people are in society. What can occur are differences of opinions and thoughts, causing the so-called marginal.
• In the view that social deviance is (a product of society), all deviants would be seen as equals, as their crimes.
• If we recognize the deviant as a product of environment and misuse as a social production, all should be acquitted. But it will recognize that companies have no responsibility for the conduct of individuals; deviants should be condemned.
• The means to meet the goals and objectives of individuals are not always offered. From the point of view, there is social and cultural pressure on members of society to which they deviate. The whole theory of Merton goes to show the misconduct, especially children and adolescents.
• The individual produces the idea of anomie.
• The socio-cultural anomie produces the idea of pressure (on individuals).
• This theory (Merton) does not question the structure of society, is concerned only to develop more ways to address particular goals of individuals.

Marginal Texts and Deviants and the Rules and Their Enforcement – Howard Becker

Resolution: Standard. Violation or enforcement of the rules? Common Sense (prepared and vulgar) something inherently deviant in the act of trespass. Features deviants in the deviant person. Limited vision. Given x natural historical and social construction. Definitions (tradition). Visions. Reviews. Statistics (average). Medical (disease). Sociological one (dysfunction). Sociological 2 (failure). Anomie. Social groups create deviance. Application of rules to particular people and labeling deviant successfully. Infallible process? Conditions: the rule infringed, advertising and the author of the act and process allowed. Who Rules? Specific social groups.

Notes:

• You can set the universally detour? The deviation is defined as such by certain homogeneous characteristics who possesses the deviant deviant is not born, he becomes lifelong.
• All the knowledge society will bring about a share; training to learn how to act. To act is to be defined. We define another to know how to act. There is no action if there is to know.
• By assigning certain deviant characteristics, causes of action to consequence, for example, deletion. There is only a crime because there is a prior law. There is no property in the act of transgression that is deviant unless a previous rule defines it. E.g., bigamy in Brazil is the deviant, and the Middle East is the norm.
• Deviation as historical and social construction, so it may change, there is how to define universally. Common sense leads, then, a rather limited, since no one is born deviant because the offset is relative.
• All those that deviate from the average or the ideal are considered deviant, but how to define average? Who defines it?
• The deviant as a patient. Ex: homosexual. What would be considered healthy behavior? The deviant is one that does not produce a stable group (dysfunctional) is a functional and dysfunctional political and social issue (several functions governing the interests of each group)
• Deviation translates into people failing to recognize and obey the rules, for which there is acceptance. The rule is enforced by a group. Where does the consensus? Who is the deviant who disobeys the rule or who enforces?
• All of these views see society as a single group, homogeneous, with only one rule. When one says that there are companies (plural), it is recognized that there is more of a right as a rule and more than one definition of diversion. Sometimes, the wrongdoing is by obedience to the rule (clash of norms). Ex: person lacks the worship of their religion to go to work. Faced with conflicting rules, which obey them?
• Anomie as a lack of standards when law does not prohibit the conduct is permitted. If there were no rules, there would be no deviation. There is only the difference because there are groups that create the rules. For diversion to improve, after breaking the rule (the first step of the deviation), one needs a diversion of advertising and the deviant; if not, the complaint does not occur. Need for an audience to see the break from the norm. Without advertising, there is no deviation; this needs the other’s response to the transgression. If there are no punitive processes, the deviation is not perfect; it is as if the diversion were the rule.