Social Security System: A Comprehensive Guide
Social Security System
Importance of Social Security
The social security system protects individuals against social risks, covering basic needs such as healthcare and non-contributory pensions. The state is obligated to protect these basic needs.
Significance of the Plot
The system operates on a principle of solidarity, where those who earn more contribute more. It has evolved from charity to a right to certain benefits.
Special Schemes
- Self-employed/Autonomous
- Students
- Staff
- Domestic staff
- Armed forces
RETA Procedure
- Registration with Social Security
- Affiliation and contributions
- Choice of contribution base
- Coverage for work-related incapacity
Degrees of Permanent Disability
- PPI (Permanent Partial Disability): Decrease of at least 33% in normal performance for the profession.
- IP (Total Disability): Prevents workers from performing basic tasks of a profession but allows them to focus on others.
- IPT (Qualified Total Disability): Inability to find another job due to age (over 55) or education.
- IP (Absolute Disability): Disqualification for any job.
- IP (Severe Disability): Incapacity for any work and requires assistance.
Contributory vs. Non-Contributory Benefits
- Contributory: Provided to families and workers who have contributed over time.
- Non-Contributory: Provided to those who have not contributed or haven’t reached the vesting period, and lack sufficient economic resources.
Survivor Benefits
- Widowhood
- Orphanhood
- Death benefits
Work and Health
Worker Rights and Obligations
Rights:
- To be informed and consulted, and to participate in actions.
- To be provided with personal protective equipment.
- To receive adequate theoretical and practical training.
- To stop activity and abandon the post in case of danger.
- To undergo regular health monitoring.
Duties:
- To use safety devices correctly.
- To cooperate with the employer in taking preventive measures.
- To comply with rules and obligations.
Industrial Accidents vs. Occupational Diseases
- Accident: Sudden and violent injury occurring in the workplace (e.g., falling from scaffolding, cutting a finger).
- Occupational Disease: Occurs as a result of work, not immediately apparent (e.g., pulmonary disease in miners or farmworkers, infectious diseases in healthcare personnel).
Assessing Working Conditions
- Gather information
- Identify and assess risks
- Make decisions
- Assess unavoidable factors
Occupational Risk Factors
Environmental Conditions
- Physical agents: Lighting, noise, temperature, radiation, vibrations.
- Chemical agents: Carcinogenic, mutagenic, corrosive, sensitizing, anesthetic, teratogenic.
- Biological agents: Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, worms, parasites.
Safety Risks
- Structural: Floors, stairs, fixed structures, corridors.
- Equipment management: Tools, machines, vehicles, and facilities.
Noise Characteristics
- Intensity
- Strength
- Duration
White Finger Disease
Body temperature drops below 34 degrees, potentially freezing fingers due to lack of blood flow. Damage is caused by vibration.
Chemical Agent Entry
- Respiratory
- Parenteral
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Dermal
Workload and Work Organization
- Workload: Physical, mental
- Work organization: Workday, shifts, task type, work pace, management style
Prevention and Protection
Stages of Work Risk Evaluation
- Obtain information
- Identify risks
- Assess risks
- Analyze measures
- Determine priorities
- Document the process
Proactive Planning
Aims to prevent or control and reduce risks. It should be planned annually and establish phases.
Safety vs. Hygiene
- Safety: Aims to prevent industrial accidents.
- Hygiene: Aims to study and reduce physical, chemical, and biological pollutants present in the workplace.