Sociology of Crime and Criminal Behavior: A Comprehensive Review
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW OF THE CONTENTS OF ASPVC
CLASS 01
1.1As research based on the biology of criminal behavior have been scientifically proven? What can we say about the biology of criminal behavior?
Since the investigations of Lombroso (item 1.2) in the nineteenth century, until research with magnetic resonance imaging, searches for answer to the question of whether biological basis for criminal behavior have not yet reached a definitive result. AA Gall’s theory was not fruitful because there was scientific confirmation. But the idea of finding a biological explanation for criminal action, an explanation of the inner human being, continued to attract many researchers.
1.2Em What is the Theory of the Double Y Syndrome? What is the only feature in which the researchers are unanimous in accepting towards Carriers Double Y Syndrome?
Montagu scientist raised the hypothesis of double Y syndrome in humans. This hypothesis was confirmed shortly thereafter. Thus, justified that some individuals inherit an extra chromosome in their karyotype which would lead to changes in deviant behavior, the only characteristic that the researchers are unanimous in accepting is that the bearers of double Y syndrome are always above average height, ie, are high.
1.3Qual the central idea was supported by the Criminal Anthropology of Cesare Lombroso
Italian doctor in relation to criminal behavior?
According to Lombroso’s theory, there are certain physical characteristics can identify a human being that is delinquent, an alleged criminal nature.
1.4O we can say about Phrenology?
Franz Gall believed that, while growing, the brain centers exerted pressure on the bones of the head, leaving them protrusions that could be seen or palpated. People with criminal tendencies could then be recognized by careful examination of these bumps and depressions in the skull bone present!
CLASS 02
2.1 What features and aspects in the text of study on Violence?
The violence is characterized according to the nature of the act performed
2.2 Characterize psychological violence.
Also known as emotional violence, psychological violence that consists of situations where the victim is exposed to hostile treatment, but without physical aggression. The victim is exposed to ridiculous situations, threats, intimidation, discrimination and rejection, among others.
2.3 Explain what comes to political violence?
Political violence consists of acts committed by authoritarian governments. Generally, the goal of political violence is the imposition of ideologies or the annihilation of opponents.
2.4 What has to be cultural violence?
The cultural violence, in turn, represents the replacement of one culture by another culture values, taxes, sometimes subtly, sometimes violently. The effects are intense and often permanent.
2.5 What is the contribution of the World Health Organization for the characterization of the concept of violence?
The World Health Organization, with this definition, innovated, or rather expanded the horizon to be observed and passed to accept thepsychological damage, the developmental disabilities and deprivation as factors resulting from violence.
2.6 What is the violence that according to the act performed is on the nature of the relationship? Explain.
Sexual violence – not only is violation of the sexual freedom of the other, but also violation of human rights. In cases of sexual violence, the aggressor intends to impose your sexual desire. Often this type of violence is linked to the nature of the relationship, ie the balance of power is the aggressor against the victim. Considering the relationship of power factor in the definition of sexual violence, and remembering that economic power is also a kind of power in human relations.
2.7 What is the difference between crime and violence?
Violence and crime are two phenomena that have always been present in different cultures. Often the concepts or blend are used interchangeably, which causes misunderstandings. Not always a violent criminal behavior and vice versa. We can see this in a boxing match on television or when we learn that millions of dollars are diverted without a single shot is given.
CLASS 03
3.1 Why sociology Durkheim considers important for the study of social facts?
For Durkheim, sociology is the study of social facts, which, in turn, reflect the way you think, feel and act in a social group. According to the model of the sociology of Durkheim, social facts are internalized by individuals and exert a coercive power over them. Thus, sociology uses theoretical models in order to explain the immediate reality and avoids explanations based on common sense, trying to establish relationships are not evident among the social facts.
3.2 What are the objects of study of the sociology of crime?
The study of crime in its history and its current state, the investigation of the causes that favor the occurrence of crimes, the indication means to combat crime.
3.3 What is the contribution of Auguste Comte in the context of the Sociology of Crime?
Influenced by positivism, Comte brought a scientific approach to sociology in accordance with the precepts of the time, he applied to sociology methods of natural sciences (biology, physics, etc..), Assuming the only source of knowledge and real experience.
3.4 What was the great discovery of the Chicago School?
It was the theory of concentric zones, according to this theory, the city of Chicago was divided into five concentric zones well defined, which expanded from the city center.
3.5 According to the theory of Gabriel Tarde which leads to a large extent the phenomenon of delinquency?
He considered the crime a social phenomenon caused largely by imitation behavior
3.6 According to the criminal who produces Lacassagne?
According Lacassagne, it is society that produces criminals, because the characters personality, however anomalous they are, are not enough to get to the crime.
CLASS 04
4.1 Conceptualize Anomia?
means a state of aimlessness, in which there is a loss of identity caused by abrupt social transformations, especially those observed after the rise of capitalism.
4.2 According to social learning theory, which indicates the way that criminal behavior can go?
and focuses on the learning process by which individuals, especially young people acquire behaviors based on personal experiences. Thus, the basic social groups – such as family, school, friends and community – have a key role in the socialization of the individual. The influence of these groups may or may not result in the acquisition of deviant behavior.
4.3 Explain that arises when a subculture?
A subculture arises when a group of individuals struggling to adapt to the dominant group, which reduces social interaction and leads to a minimal contact between the two groups;
4.4 What the Theory of Differential Association says about criminal behavior?
Focuses on the learning process by which individuals, especially young people acquire behaviors based on personal experiences. Thus, the basic social groups – such as family, school, friends and community – have a key role in the socialization of the individual. The influence of these groups may or may not result in the acquisition of deviant behavior.
4.5 What do you mean by Labeling Theory?
Also known as Theory of Labeling or Social Reaction. For fans of this approach, a fact only when the crime is labeled so the company considers creating standards to select and mark certain behaviors as deviant, ie the individual creates a trademark in his crimes.
CLASS 05
5.1 Explain the theory of Social Control?
Part of the resources that a company has to ensure compliance of the behavior of its members to the previously described rules and regulations and the violation of which provides for sanctions.
5.2 What is the influence of the ruling class from the state?
The ruling class is represented in the State, exercising the power to impose its will on the majority of society. The legal order is the means found to ensure these interests. According to Quinney law in capitalist society is strongly subordinated to private interests of the ruling class. The criminal law is the basis of what we call legal order.
5.3 What is the theory which holds that crime has a progressive character, it allows the process of social transformation?
Durkheim (1990) also considers that the crime has a progressive character, since in some cases, society needs to change the existing rules and regulations to adapt to new patterns of behavior and deviance. Thus, by preventing the diversion by social control, we may be denying society the introduction of new patterns of behavior and thus social change.
5.4 What was the theorist who claimed the right, in our capitalist society, is subject to the interests of the ruling class and are guaranteed by the judges, prosecutors and police?
According to Quinney law in capitalist society is strongly subordinated to private interests of the ruling class. The criminal law is the basis of what we call legal order.
5.5 According to Foucault, because the prison has a fundamental role in maintaining social control?
Because it allows to segregate those individuals or groups considered undesirable
5.6 What was Durkheim’s position on the crime problem?
According to Durkheim, crime has beneficial effects for society because it allows the strengthening of collective consciousness: espontameamente to react to the violation of law, society must maintain its values and standards.
5.7 What can we say about the theory Quinney?
Quinney (1980) considers that the imposition of a legal mechanism was found by the ruling class to gain control of the population, using the resources of the State in its favor. The ruling class then equips the state with their representatives, in order to protect their interests.