Spain’s Tumultuous Late 19th Century: From Revolution to Restoration
1866 (Ostende Pact) 17.9 / 1868 (Troops revolted and Admiral Topete in Cadiz to! Live with honor Spain). Uprisings occurred in Catalonia, Andalusia, and Valencia. Uprising in the cities (Death to the Bourbons). Isabella II abdicates. A provisional government (progressive + unionists) led by General Serrano was formed. Winning elections are called liberals. Political program (suppression of lottery for military service and consumption tax).
1869 (The Constitution) National sovereignty, parliamentary monarchy is adopted with limited power of the king.
1869-1871 (Regency of Serrano). Governing Prim had to moderate the intervention of the army and find a monarch (difficult task). The instability of the regime led to Carlist attacks, Alfonsinos, and Republicans.
1871-1873 (Amadeo I) Was respectful of the constitution and had good intentions, but had no political support. Upon arriving in Spain, Prim (their only support) was killed. Oligarchs, landowners, upper and lower clergy, and the Republicans opposed the king. He had to tackle the problem of Cuba and deal with the labor movement and the division of the ruling party that supported it. The conflict between officials of cannon and the chairman of the government Zorrilla served as an excuse to abdicate.
02/11/1873 Courts were set up in general assembly, amended the constitution, and proclaimed that same night the First Republic.
1873-1874 (First Republic) Estanislao Figueras (president) political support was not only Republicans and radicals. Among them, there was disagreement than it was a republic which sometimes were opposed giving the system unstable, as are elections to the assembly cast radicals and give power to Margall pi and making Spain a rep. federal. 1873 (general strike). Carlist War and cantonal. 07/12/1873 (Pi i Margall drops and succeeded by Nicolás Salmerón who uses the army, in this Emilio Castelar happens that reestablished the military orders.
General Pavia dissolved Congress, puts no general legitimacy and Serrano the castle frente. Canovas pulls the strings for Alfonso XII back in to restore order through a constitutional monarchy.
Restoration (Canovas) of Cast. Elaborates programapolitico, manifesto Sandhurst. 12/1874 (Alfonso de Borbon from Sandhurst where study, released show that he presented as, Catholic, Spanish, constitutional and liberal). Ruling General Martínez Campos proclaimed King Alfonso XII. Succeeding the provincial bourgeoisie. The majority of the population is devoted to the field while 15% for industry. 20 years people migrate.
Political System of Restoration Decided governance, liberal with a stable structure, condos columns, the 1876 and constt Pacific Time, who took turns conservatives and liberals the government.
Constitution of 1876 (full democracy). Drafted by a committee of eminent persons chaired by Alonso Martinez. Constitutional monarchy. King highest authority of the army. Shared sovereignty, the king could summon or dissolve cuts, pass laws and veto. The King elegy of a party to the prime minister and the king asked the elections, the deputies were elected based on census.
Political Parties (all parties wanted to cover in two). Would have to conservative ideas and liberal Carlist chaired by Sagasta from hast old liberal Republicans. They were dominated by notables, not dependent on the public. The King would make of arbiter, deciding when changed.