Spanish Literature: Romanticism to Modernism
Romanticism
Expository texts explain and present ideas to the public. Romanticism expressed the cultural ideals of the rising bourgeoisie. Romantic individualism emphasized originality, rebellion, and nonconformist attitudes. Subjectivism prioritized personal beliefs, while sentimentality valued feelings as guides to action. Irrationalism viewed the world as mysterious and contradictory.
José de Espronceda led a typical romantic life, writing about social outcasts. His Student of Salamanca is a narrative poem expressing rebellion and passionate love. Ángel Saavedra, Duke of Rivas, achieved success with Don Álvaro, a romantic drama. José Zorrilla, known for Don Juan Tenorio, portrayed a legendary libertine. Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer’s Rhymes are brief poems exploring love, solitude, and death. Rosalía de Castro wrote intimate poetry in Galician, inspired by nature.
Realism
of a more psychological than social treatment Pepita Jimenez themes of love and Juanita were his most successful novels set in the 2 Andalucia’s prose is elegant and Juan Valera has no defects
Benito Perez Galdos was a prolific novelist, his work has 3 stages Stage 1, the first novels were propaganda tools of liberalism and are often victims of conservative forces Doña Perfecta 2nd Stage contemporary Spanish novels the disinherited and Fortunata and Jacinta and is interested in interior lmundo the characters3rd Stage is interested in characters of a more spiritual, enigmatic characters Mercy presents models that show the spiritual dimension of human life in the world are set in madrid degraded Modernism was born in hispanoamerica created a new language that reacted against the materialism and vulgarity the modern world Azul Ruben Dario books and Profane Prose expression of modernism are brighter for the originality of the topics Ruben Dario becomes more intimate in his book Songs of Life and Hope The generation of 98 formed by Miguel de Unamuno, Pio Baroja antonio machado, Azorin and RMON Maria del Valle Inclan – rebellion against bourgeois values Established Castilianism – vitalism – longing for beauty subjectivism antonio machado his poetry is defined by an intimate modernism Campos de Castilla his work adds to a poem that expresses faithPio Baroja out in his story a deeply pessimistic vision of man and the world THE SEARCH presented a protagonist who aspires to find a place in the world Baroja’s novels are lively RM del Valle-Inclan was devoted to his work then evolves journalism flows into the Esperpento its purpose to create a critical distance between the public and the universe, the generation of 27 appears in Spain a new generation of intellectuals and artist modernity encarlan this generation is high ratio of economic backwardness but is optimistic Novecentismo Europe as a source of creativity and ability imnovacion – antiromanticism-Purity artistica – intellectual rigor Juan Ramon Gimenez his poetic work is extensive and varied sensory Epoca partic modernism nostalgia themes of love lived in its fullness Intellectual Epoca Journal begins with a newly married poet book that breaks the pure poetry modernism is characterized by a symbol to express an idea Epoca True abastracta eternity and beauty are presented as the essence of the worldthe forefront in this era is questioned scientific principles which had been considered immutable truths Freud posits the existence of a dark world behind human consciousness vicente alexaindre their themes express the image of the world as a living force of its own and Federico Garcia Lorca’s death during world war resonated highlights the romance