Spanish Population: Structure and Composition
STRUCTURE OR COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION
-Population: by sex and age composition
The age composition is of great interest because of their demographic impact, social, economic, … From the age of the population depends on fertility, educational and healthcare facilities, anticipated future ….
Spain has a tendency to aging (over 17% of adults) and reduction of young people. The regions with younger people don Andalucía, Murcia and the Canary Islands, the most aged Aragón, Castilla-León and La Rioja.
The composition of the structure by sex and age was observed in the age pyramid:
The 1900 translates the behavior of a population with high birth rates and low life expectancy remains low due to high mortality rates. In 1950, a more reduced appreciated because it reduces births during the Civil War. Between 25 and 39 reflects the excess mortality caused by war.
In the pyramid of 1991, the mortality of war is reflected in the ages between 72-82 years. The flu of 1918 left its mark on the generations that now exceed 70 years. The deficit of births in the war is apparent in the age group 50-55 years. Furthermore, the reduction of the base shows the fertility decline from 1977.
In the pyramid of 2008 can be seen:
“The slight recovery of 0 a4 years due to the shift in fertility.
“The actual reduction in the age group between 5 and 15 years, a direct consequence of fertility decline in recent years.
“The thickening of the troops for groups of 25 to 34 years the result of foreign migration.
“The clear imbalance between men and women from age 75 group and the largest widening of these groups result of improved life expectancy.
The form of the pyramid shows that the Spanish population is on track to a progressive aging of its age structure. The phenomenon is interesting for the social and economic consequences: increased health and hospital resources, improving social services and increased cost of pensions.
Social: marital status and education
The latest census data indicate a single population decline, compared to growth of other status conditions.
The fertility decline since 1970 is the result of fewer young people and therefore celibate population. Most singles are between 20 and 50, with a higher age, being single is more widespread among women.
Another fact is the increase of separated and divorced due to social changes experienced in Spain so strong, evolving toward a more secular and liberal.
The decline in the marriage rate in Spain is similar to the European average. The increase in the married population in recent years is temporary, resulting from population growth and thickening of the adult population
Economic, trade, activity, unemployment
The economy of a country and its political and social stability depend largely on occupation rates and unemployment of the population. This information is collected today in Labour Force Survey (LFS).
The labor force or working population has been increasing since 1900 to be especially important since 1981 under the weight of the adult population and the incorporation of women into the workplace. In 2000 the labor force participation was 54.3%.
The distribution of population by age shows a strong weight between 30-45 years, a group that accounts for approximately 50% of the population.
The difference in activity by sex is significant. In 2008, the rate was 69.8% for men compared to 50.46% for women.
Depending on the region, the highest rate of activity are Catalonia, the Canary Islands, Baleares, Madrid, Murcia, Navarra, La Rioja and P. Basque. As highlighted in Asturias, the Castile, Cantabria, Extremadura and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla with rates over 55% and suffer effects of emigration, economic backwardness and aging populations.
The activity rate of Spanish is one of the lowest in the EU
By economic sector the country has undergone a profound change in the twentieth century. There is a higher percentage of population engaged in trade and services, unless the industry and little agriculture. The most outstanding feature was the progressive outsourcing of the workforce, as well as the greater diversification of production activities, importance of new activities (IT, telecommunications, …) increase in activities related to personal and business services …
From the 70, the crisis, industrial restructuring and incorporation of women into the labor rates are rising unemployment.
Currently the unemployment rate is very high. The phenomenon affects unequally the autonomous regions, Andalucía being among the highest percentage. Affects active in agriculture and construction and more women than men.
Spain within the EU is the country’s highest unemployment rate.
One of the most effective development is to increase the level of training to adapt to the demands of the labor market.
There is still illiterate population in Spain, most older women concentrated in Andalusia, Castilla-La Mancha and Extremadura. One achievement has been to increase the enrollment to 16 years and extend equal opportunities for both sexes and different social strata
It is important to know the future prospects of our population.
They are:
-Modest population growth followed by a decline.
-Increase in elderly population.
“The fertility will continue falling.
“In death, she continues to biological superiority and believed that the average life expectancy will increase.
“In migration flows extending intraprovincial and reducing interprovincial. Foreign immigration will continue to grow.
“Progressive aging of the population.