Study Skills Guide: Schemes, Summaries, Mind Maps & More
1. What is a Scheme?
A scheme is a graphic representation of the central ideas of a text. It’s like a summary but more visual and organized, presenting information clearly and accurately.
2. Three Advantages of Using Schemes:
- Develops analytical skills.
- Allows practice in identifying key information and improves reading comprehension.
- Serves as a valuable tool for review.
3. Stages in Developing a Scheme:
(Content not provided. Please add the stages involved in developing a scheme.)
4. Different Types of Schemes:
- Radial
- Key-based
- Numbered
- Lettered
- Tree
5. Structure of Three Schemes (At Least Three Levels):
(Refer to separate sheet)
6. What is a Summary?
A summary is a brief explanation of the main points of a topic or subject. It condenses the text to facilitate understanding.
7. Differences Between Summary and Synthesis:
- Summary: Condenses the text using the author’s original words.
- Synthesis: Uses your own words to express the main ideas, similar to note-taking.
8. Advantages of Summarizing:
- Develops the ability to synthesize information.
- Improves writing skills.
- Facilitates concentration while studying.
- Simplifies review and memorization.
- Promotes organized presentation of information.
- Enhances reading comprehension.
9. What is Highlighting?
Highlighting involves underlining or marking specific words or phrases to emphasize their importance. In studying, it’s used to draw attention to key ideas rather than individual words.
10. Different Types of Highlighting:
- Thick Line: Main ideas or general concepts.
- Thinner Line: Secondary ideas.
- Dashed Line: To connect related parts.
- Boxes: To highlight headings.
- Vertical Underline: To emphasize entire paragraphs.
- Symbols:
- ? – Something you don’t understand.
- * – To mark something important.
- + – To add information to an already highlighted idea.
11. Three Advantages of Highlighting:
- Improves retention.
- Makes reviews faster and more effective.
- Facilitates understanding by focusing on keywords.
12. What is a Chart?
A chart allows you to visually compare and contrast the content of two or more subjects. Its structure is ideal for quickly observing the hierarchy of elements and making comparisons.
13. Summary Table on Your Family Life:
(Refer to separate sheet)
14. What is a Mind Map and Three Important Aspects:
Mind maps are an effective method for note-taking, brainstorming, organizing, understanding, and remembering information to clarify thoughts.
- Use minimal words, focusing on key ideas and images.
- Start from the center of the page with the main idea or goal, highlighting it clearly.
- Branch out from the central idea with related concepts and ideas.
15. What is a Conceptual Map and Three Advantages:
(Content not provided. Please add a definition of a conceptual map and its advantages.)
16. Conceptual Map of a Computer Subject:
(Refer to separate sheet)
17. What is a Descriptive Text?
A descriptive text focuses on the characteristics and properties of an object, person, place, or event. Its structure is organized spatially, breaking down the subject into parts and highlighting its qualities.
18. Elements and Resources Involved in a Narrative:
a. The Observer:
- Position: Within or outside the scene.
- Perspective: First or third person.
- Movement: Fixed or moving.
b. The Subject:
Real or imaginary objects, landscapes, people, animals, etc. Can be static, moving, or both. Can be described in detail or partially.
c. Resources:
Descriptive texts utilize various literary devices, including vivid language, imagery, and sensory details.
19. Three Segments of Classical Narrative and Their Categories:
(Content not provided. Please add the segments and categories of classical narrative structure.)
20. Different Types of Narrators:
Narrator Protagonist:
The narrator is also the main character, often using the first-person singular or plural perspective.
Omniscient Narrator:
Knows everything about the characters and events, including their thoughts and motivations. Typically uses the third-person perspective.
Narrator Witness:
Observes and recounts events without knowing the characters’ inner thoughts or motivations. Can use first or third-person perspective.
21. Elements of Storytelling:
Characters:
The individuals who perform the actions in the story. Can be major (protagonists) or minor (secondary characters).
Space:
The setting or location where the story takes place.
Time:
The duration of the events in the story.
Action:
The sequence of events that make up the plot. Includes the beginning, climax, and resolution.
22. What are Expository Texts?
Expository texts, also known as informative texts, aim to convey information, providing explanations, examples, and analogies to clarify the subject matter.
23. Main Features of Expository Texts:
- Predominantly declarative sentences.
- Use of the third person.
- Formal register and technical or scientific terms.
- Avoidance of subjective expressions.
24. Basic Structure of an Argumentative Text:
1. Fact or Hypothesis (Thesis):
The statement that will be argued for or against.
2. Demonstration (Argumentation):
Provides evidence and reasoning to support the thesis, using various techniques like clarification, exemplification, and explanation.
3. Conclusion:
Summarizes the argument and restates the thesis, demonstrating its validity.
25. Classification of Different Types of Reading:
(Refer to separate sheet)
26. Four Objectives of Reading:
Extensive Reading:
For pleasure and general understanding.
Intensive Reading:
For detailed analysis and critical understanding.
Skimming (Quick Reading):
To get a general overview of the text.
Scanning (Selective Reading):
To locate specific information.
27. Three Ways in Which Reading is Done:
Reading for Understanding:
To grasp the meaning and content of the text.
Reading for Classification:
To identify the type and genre of the text.
Reading for Creative Application:
To inspire new ideas and generate creative works.
28. Background Knowledge in Reading Comprehension:
Background knowledge refers to the accumulated information, experiences, and knowledge that readers bring to a text, influencing their understanding.
29. Reading Ability and its Six Aspects:
Reading ability is the skill and aptitude for effectively comprehending and interpreting written text.
- Perception
- Memory
- Observation
- Reading Between the Lines (Inference)
- Vocabulary Acquisition
- Identifying Relevant Information
30. Outline of a Quantitative Research Report:
(Content not provided. Please add an outline of the key elements of a quantitative research report.)