Understanding Nouns, Pronouns, Descriptive & Narrative Text

Nouns

Concrete: Tangible realities (ashtray, table)

Abstract: Mental realities (sadness, friendship)

Common: General objects (city, friend)

Proper: Individual names (Rome, Fernando)

Group: Group of beings or objects (swarm)

Individual: Singular beings or objects (bee)

Countable: Can be counted (book, button)

Uncountable: Cannot be counted (oil)

Pronouns

Anaphora: Pronoun refers to elements mentioned previously.

Cataphoric: Pronoun refers to elements appearing later in speech.

Demonstrative Pronouns: This, that,

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Augustine’s Influence on Medieval Historical Interpretation

Augustine and Historical Interpretation

The theory developed by Augustine of Hippo is presented in the seven books of Historiarum adversus paganos. His history is the story of a series of blame and punishment, merit and prizes, where seemingly random events find their explanation. Perhaps one of the most comprehensive ways to express the concept of providential history is found in the so-called Prophetic Chronicle, in which he explains, by the prophecies of Ezekiel, the entry of Muslims into the

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Renaissance Art Techniques and Terms Explained

Renaissance Art Techniques and Terms

Depth: A painting technique used in the Renaissance (15th century) to create the illusion of distance. It refers to the perceived distance of an element relative to a reference plane.

Composition: A technique used during the Renaissance (15th century) where figures were arranged in relation to the viewer’s eye level, often in a triangular formation.

Patrons: Individuals who financially supported artists, providing spiritual and material assistance. This practice

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Spanish Contemporary Novel: Trends and Traits

The Contemporary Spanish Novel

Civil War + Dictatorship + Misery = Novel as a subgenre that reflects hard realities.

  • Between 1940 and 1970: Vital disappointment and anguish.
  • 1970s onward: New program since the return of freedom.

The contemporary novel is divided into three main categories:

1. Existential Novel

This reflects the disappointment and anguish of the human being. It is influenced by the existential picaresque novel of the Golden Age and the legacy of Pío Baroja.

Themes:

  • Human destinies: Characters’
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Film Studies: Essential Concepts and Techniques

Film Form

  • Analysis: Suspends judgment; breaks film into parts and explains how they work.
  • Function: How something in a film works.
  • Motivation: Why something is in a film (justification).
  • Unity & Disunity: Connection between aspects of two pieces of film that fit remarkably well (e.g., Toto in *The Wizard of Oz*).
  • Similarity & Repetition: Object, sound, or person that is repeated throughout the film.
  • Motif: Any significant repeated element that contributes to the overall film (e.g., marigolds in
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Understanding Literary Elements: Setting, Character, Plot & More

Literary Elements Explained

Setting: The time and place of a story or play. Setting can also contribute to the conflict in a story.

Character: A person in a story, poem, or play. Most often, a character is an ordinary human being.
The process of revealing the personality of a character in a story is called characterization. A writer can reveal a character by:
  1. Letting us hear the character speak.
  2. Describing how the character looks and dresses.
  3. Letting us listen to the character’s inner thoughts and feelings.
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