Virgin of the Councillors by Lluís Dalmau: A Hispano-Flemish Masterpiece

Virgin of the Councillors by Lluís Dalmau

Chronology

From 1443 to 1445.

Style

Flemish Gothic style. Author: Lluís Dalmau. Technique: oil. Support: wood. Location: MNAC.

  1. Perfecting the oil technique
  2. Exceptional degree of detail, unpublished brightness
  3. Absence of movement and use of strong symbolism
  4. Themes: religious, profane, and a great interest in portraiture
  5. Extraordinary thoroughness
  • There is a predominant color in the drawing. It is symmetrical, articulated around the central figure of the Virgin Mary
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Language, Arts, and Human Culture: An In-Depth Analysis

Unit 8: Language and the Arts

Language: Fundamental Concepts

1.1 Language as a System of Signs: Theory of the Sign

Human language is a system of signs produced socially. A sign is anything that we use to represent and communicate something. In linguistic signs, we can differentiate:

  • Significant: The perceptible part of the sign.
  • Meaning: What the sign represents. It may be a specific object or a mental concept.
  • User: Every sign is produced and received by a transmitter/receiver that uses it to communicate.
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Romanticism: A 19th-Century Revolution in Art and Thought

Romanticism was an artistic, political, social, and ideological revolution. Many of its principles, such as freedom, individualism, democracy, and nationalism, are still important today. Above all, it was a cry of freedom. Individualism, the conversion of privacy into a subject, the subjective representation of the landscape, and the exaltation of the people are some of the core principles of the new sensibility.

Romanticism was broadcast with the momentum of a revolution. The longing for freedom

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Industrial Revolution to Early 20th Century: A Transformation

The Second Industrial Revolution

The New Momentum of Industrialization

Industry entered a new phase called the **Second Industrial Revolution**. The most notable changes were as follows:

  • New Energy Sources: Electricity and oil were introduced.
  • New Industrial Powers: The United States, Germany, and Japan emerged as major industrial powers.
  • Shifting Industries: The textile industry ceded ground to the steel industry, and new industries such as chemical and electrical manufacturing rose.
  • New Means of Transport:
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Fragmentation, Transformation, and Synthesis in Art

What is Fragmentation?

Refers to the process or state of breaking something into smaller parts or pieces, which can create a disjointed or incomplete overall picture. In art, it refers to the breaking down or decomposition of a work or image into smaller parts, with the aim of creating something new or conveying a message differently. The concept of fragmentation is a phenomenon that characterizes postmodern culture.

Why is Fragmentation Important in Art?

It allows artists to break away from traditional

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Baroque Theater in Spain: Lope de Vega and Calderón de la Barca

Baroque Theater in Spain

A. National Theater

In the hands of comedy, driven by Lope de Vega, the theater achieved a fixed scenic place: the corral de comedias (which were backyards of houses). In Madrid, the Teatro de la Cruz and the Teatro del Príncipe stand out. They were built in imitation of the palace theater.

The theater was a playful, social, and cultural act consisting of several pieces that lasted two to three hours. The public paid more or less depending on where they were placed in the

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