Spanish Literature After the Civil War (1939-Present)
Spanish Literature Since 1936
The postwar period brought two main literary trends:
- A conservative aesthetic trend, cultivated by authors ideologically close to the regime.
- Literature expressing existential despair caused by war, evolving toward social criticism in the 1950s.
Existential Fiction in the 1940s
In 1939, the cultural landscape was bleak; many writers were exiled, and literature was determined by censorship. Around 1942, the novel took a new direction, becoming existential, with key themes
Read MorePerspective in Art: Renaissance to Cubism
Quattrocento (15th Century, Renaissance)
Effect of perspective: Variations in the apparent size of objects due to their relative distance to the observer. The discovery takes place in Florence. “Artificial perspective” tries to represent the depth of field. Perspective has a Latin etymology, from the verb perspicere, and derives from the Greek optiké. The prospect appears with the knights in the Middle Ages, and is very primitive, using parallel lines. Pecham speaks of “visual pyramids.”
Italian
Read MoreFilm Documentary Production: Roles, Terms, and Scheduling
Film Documentary Production
Key roles in film documentary production include the editor, production manager, reporter, camera crew, fixer, and output editor.
Pre-Production Meeting
A pre-production meeting typically involves the director of news and current affairs, the editor, the social affairs correspondent, the reporter, and the camera operator.
Example: Four March sisters navigate poverty and personal aspirations during the Civil War, each yearning for love, success, and a life true to themselves.
Read MoreHieronymus Bosch’s Masterpiece: The Garden of Earthly Delights
The Garden of Earthly Delights
Chronology
Painted between 1510 and 1515.
Style
Artist: Hieronymus Bosch.
Style: Flemish Gothic.
Technique: Oil on wood.
Location: Museo del Prado, Madrid.
Key Characteristics
- Perfection of the oil technique.
- Exceptional degree of detail and unprecedented brightness.
- Absence of movement.
- Use of strong symbolism.
- Themes: Religious, profane, and a great interest in portraiture.
- Extraordinary thoroughness.
Color and Composition
Color is used to create different effects according to
Read MoreMichelangelo’s Moses and Da Vinci’s Virgin of the Rocks
Michelangelo’s Moses (1513-1516)
Created by Michelangelo, a prominent artist of the 16th century, Moses embodies the Neoplatonist concept that “the most beautiful leads man to good.” Michelangelo possessed an intuitive ability to perceive the final form within a block of marble. Around 1495, he moved to Rome and began his career. Pope Julius II became his patron, commissioning various works, including sculptures for the Pope’s unfinished mausoleum. Moses was created for this mausoleum.
This marble
Read MoreFlemish and Dutch Masters: Rubens and Rembrandt
The Flemish School: Rubens
Peter Paul Rubens was much more than a painter of athletic, masculine types and generous, pink, and sensual women. Nature endowed him with a prodigious mind to unravel the compositional problems of a painting, and he was a magician of color. Considered the most learned artist of his time, he spoke and wrote six modern languages besides Latin and was regarded as a shrewd diplomat in the service of Spain’s foreign policy. His skill in state affairs led him to traverse European
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