Baroque Sculpture and Painting: Bernini and Caravaggio
The Dawn of Baroque Sculpture and Painting in Italy
Baroque Sculpture: From Mannerism to Bernini
The cradle of Baroque sculpture lies in Mannerist Italy. Mannerist sculptors introduced innovations in their works, including Stefano Maderno, Pietro Bernini, and Camillo Mariani. However, the most significant figure to emerge was Francesco Mochi, who paved the way for Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
Baroque sculpture is characterized by:
- Expressing motion through the treatment of drapery and a sense of dynamism.
- A
Gothic Art: Painting and Sculpture in the 13th-15th Centuries
Gothic Painting: 13th-15th Centuries
In Gothic cathedrals, the disappearance of walls, replaced by large windows, reduced the space for murals. Consequently, Gothic painting primarily occurred on wood, forming altarpieces found in temples and cathedrals. Fresco painting was less common, with tempera being the preferred technique. Tempera, which uses egg as a binder, allowed for finer details. While secular subjects emerged, religious themes remained prominent and evolved to show greater realism and
Read MoreItalian Renaissance and the Rise of Modern Science
The Italian Renaissance and Flanders
The Renaissance art movement began in Italian cities during the Quattrocento, the fifteenth century. Florence was the capital, thanks to the patronage (protection and economic support for artistic and cultural initiatives by wealthy individuals, “Cenes”) of the Medici. During the Cinquecento, the sixteenth century, Rome became the capital with the sponsorship of the Church. The Renaissance artistic movement consolidated in Northern Europe, mainly in Germany and
Read MoreEvolution of Cultural Heritage: A Legal Perspective
The Genesis of Historical, Cultural, and Artistic Adjectives
This document presents the most laborious explanation of the genesis of the adjectives historical, cultural, and artistic. The background to the public’s interest in this heritage is associated with decisions of an organic nature, such as the creation of the Royal Academies of History and Fine Arts. Indeed, the Academy of History, in a royal decree of Charles IV of 1803, contains a detailed account of what is understood as “monuments.”
Read MoreNeoclassicism: Art, History, and Societal Impact
Historical and Cultural Context of Neoclassicism
The Industrial Revolution brought profound transformations in production techniques that affected the economy and society. Peasants left the fields and moved to the cities, becoming a new social class: the proletariat. This class began to join in unions. The revolution in transportation brought new and faster ways to transport people and goods, such as the steam train and steamboat. Associated with these inventions were new types of buildings: iron
Read MorePío Baroja’s The Tree of Knowledge: Analysis of Ideological Dialogue
Pío Baroja’s *The Tree of Knowledge*: A Deep Dive into Ideological Dialogue
Location of the Text Fragment
This fragment belongs to the work of Pío Baroja, The Tree of Knowledge. Literary critics have considered this work as one of his best. Apart from its autobiographical basis, it reflects the author’s thinking and worldview.
External Structure
True to his narrative style, Baroja presents a third-person narration with few but precise and descriptive brushstrokes. He substantiates the content in the
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