The Spanish Novel After the Civil War

Back to 1936 Narrative: The Civil War significantly impacted the evolution of Spanish literature for several reasons. Firstly, it led to the deaths of prominent figures in the 20th-century Spanish novel, such as Unamuno and Valle-Inclán. Secondly, it forced the exile of authors who had emerged in the 1930s, including Max Aub, Francisco Ayala, and Ramon J. Sender. Lastly, the new political climate and censorship hindered the progress of the social novel.

The Spanish novel in the 1940s had to essentially

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Journalistic Genres: News, Features, Interviews, and Editorials

Journalistic Genres

The main purpose of journalistic articles is to disseminate information to readers or listeners. This information can be presented objectively, as in informative journalism, or subjectively, as in opinion journalism. Journalistic information is organized into several subgenres, including:

  • News
  • Features
  • Interviews
  • Editorials

Journalistic Subgenres of Information

News

News tells new facts concisely. It is the raw material of journalism. Political, social, economic, cultural, natural, and

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Galician Literature: Vicente Risco, Otero Pedrayo, and Castelao

Vicente Risco

Vicente Risco, a prominent figure in Galician nationalism, underwent a significant personal and religious transformation in the early 20th century. This led him to distance himself from progressive Galicianism and embrace more traditional intellectual and political stances. He abandoned the culture of the Galician literati and explored artistic avant-garde trends. His ethnographic approach to narrative, drawing inspiration from popular oral forms, is evident in several of his works.

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Gothic Art and Painting

Gothic Art

Changes that influenced Gothic Art are:

  • The evolution of theological and philosophical thinking
  • The awakening of humanism
  • The Cistercian reform
  • New social structure

Gothic Painting

In Europe during the 14th and 15th centuries, a new type of painting developed on wood triptychs (three panels), polyptychs (multiple panels), or retablos.

The technique in Gothic panel painting is tempera, but Flemish painters in the 15th century began to use oil paint.

The style moved towards more humanity and realism.

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Introduction to Linguistics

What is Linguistics?

Linguistics is the study of language. It explores how language is structured, how it is used, and how it changes over time. Linguistics considers various aspects of language, including phonetics (the study of speech sounds), phonology (the study of sound patterns), morphology (the study of word formation), syntax (the study of sentence structure), semantics (the study of meaning), and pragmatics (the study of language in context).

The Nature of Language

Language is a complex system

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Syntax, Text Types, and Discourse Operations: A Comprehensive Guide

Syntax

Coordinates

  • Copulative (and, even)
  • Disjunctive (or, either…or)
  • Adversative (but, however, yet, despite this, although)
  • Distributive (neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also)
  • Illative (because, therefore, so)
  • Explanatory (that is, i.e.)
  • Continuative (and even then, in addition)

Substantive: SN

Can be replaced by a name and perform functions.

Role

  • Subject (It bothers me)
  • CD (I wish that everybody was happy)
  • CRV (He refused to be utilized)
  • Attribute (v. to be, seem)
  • CN (I have the impression that
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