Human Body Systems: Functions, Homeostasis, and Feedback
1. Fill in the Blank Spaces
- What is the smallest unit of life in the human body? Cell
- Cells group together to form tissue.
- Tissues are grouped together to form various organs.
- Organs work together as part of a system.
2. Match the System with its Function
| Human Body System | Function |
|---|---|
| Skeletal System | Support |
| Muscular System | Movement |
| Respiratory System | Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide Exchange |
| Cardiovascular System | Transport |
| Excretory System | Waste Removal |
| Nervous System | Sends Chemical Messages |
| Lymphatic System | Returns Fluids |
| Integumentary |
Neo-Darwinism, Consanguinity, and Precambrian Era: Key Concepts
Neo-Darwinism
Although Darwin made significant contributions to evolutionary thought, his theory could not fully explain how hereditary traits are passed from generation to generation, nor the cause of variability within populations upon which natural selection acts. Evolution is a phenomenon of populations, not individuals. It is the population that evolves, as this is where genetic variability is present, allowing selection to act.
It wasn’t until the 20th century that the synthesis of Darwin’s
Read MoreUnderstanding Evolution: Key Concepts and Processes
Understanding Evolution: Key Concepts
- Definition of Evolution: Change over time.
- Definition of Biological Evolution: Change in the genetic makeup of a population from generation to generation.
- Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection: Influenced by Wallace, Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, laying out his theory of natural selection and providing significant evidence to support it.
- Definition of Gene Pool: The sum of all of the genetic information of all of the members of a
Evolutionary Theories: Neutral, Punctuated Equilibrium & Population Genetics
Evolutionary Theories and Population Genetics
Genetic recombination during meiosis results in offspring variations. These variations occur randomly and are pre-adaptive.
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Hardy and Weinberg demonstrated that in a population (k) + tax, individuals die and lose characteristics, but the population remains. The genetic stocks are all individuals with the ability to reproduce sexually with each other.
Evolutionary Forces
Fisher, Haldane, and Wright demonstrated that changes in gene
Read MoreCell Biology: Structure, Function, Metabolism, and Photosynthesis
Cells (Chapter 4)
- Cell Theory: 3 Main Points
- All organisms are composed of cells.
- Cells are the smallest living things.
- Cells arise only from pre-existing cells.
- Cell Size vs. Volume Ratio
- An organism made of many small cells has an advantage over an organism composed of fewer, larger cells.
- As a cell’s size increases, its volume increases much more rapidly than its surface area.
- Microscopes: Functions and Types
- Light Microscopes
- Use magnifying lenses with visible light.
- Resolve structures that are 200 nm
- Light Microscopes
Biologia Celular: Estrutura, Funções e Processos Vitais
Organismos Multicelulares e Unicelulares
Organismos multicelulares são seres formados por milhares ou trilhões de células. Organismos unicelulares consistem em uma única célula.
Nosso corpo é formado por cerca de 65 trilhões de células. A célula-ovo inicial tem aproximadamente um décimo de milímetro.
As células podem ser estudadas com o auxílio de técnicas e ferramentas como o microscópio óptico, que possui lentes de grande aumento para ampliar a imagem da célula.