Understanding the Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
The somatic nervous system consists of:
- Spinal Nerves: These nerves transmit sensory information (touch, pain) from the trunk and extremities to the central nervous system via the spinal cord. They also relay information about the position and state of muscles and joints. Additionally, they carry motor commands from the spinal cord to skeletal muscles.
- Cranial Nerves: These nerves transmit sensory information from the head and neck to the central nervous
Cell Cycle: Flow Cytometry, Interphase, and Cell Division
Flow Cytometry
Interface: G1 – S – G2
When the cell is not in cell division, it is in interphase:
- G1 – State: Initiation of the cell’s life cycle.
- S – Synthesis of DNA, DNA duplication.
- G2 – The cell enters a resting state.
Interphasic Nucleus
Organelle characteristic of eukaryotic cells.
- Form: Ovoidal
- Location: In animal cells, it is at the center; in plant cells, it is on the side.
- Size: Approximately 5 microns in animal cells.
- Number: 1 nucleus in animal and plant cells; 2 nuclei in fungi. There are also
Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Sensory Mechanisms
The Nervous System: An Overview
The nervous system collects information about our body’s internal and external environment, processes that information, and responds to it. The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves and supporting cells. It gathers the information and sends it to the central nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. It processes the information and forms a response.
Types of Neurons
- Sensory neurons: receive information from sense organs.
Key Concepts in Ecology and Biological Interactions
Key Concepts in Ecology
- Ecological Factor: The characteristics of the environment that affect living organisms. They can be abiotic and biotic.
- Adaptation: The evolution of organisms so that they are able to survive in a specific environment. They can be morphological, physiological, and behavioral.
- Population: A group of organisms of the same species that inhabit the same territory and that can reproduce together.
- Biotic Potential: The maximum reproductive potential of a population, which is the difference
Neanderthals and the Origin of Life: Key Concepts
Neanderthals: A Closer Look
(7) Homo neanderthalensis
- They are closer to non-African than African anatomically modern humans, likely due to interbreeding between Neanderthals and the ancestors of Eurasians.
- Evidence of fire use by Neanderthals in Gibraltar suggests they may have survived there until 24,000 years ago.
- Neanderthal cranial capacity is thought to have been as large as, or perhaps larger than, that of modern humans.
- They were much stronger than modern humans, with particularly strong arms
Physical Therapies: Lymphatic Drainage, Laser, and More
Physical Therapies
Lymphatic Drainage
This technique involves massage using physical methods on an edematous area. It is performed with the fingertips, applying strong pressure in the direction of venous or lymphatic circulation.
Lymphatic System Functions: Protecting the body, transporting intestinal fat via chylomicrons, and removing accumulated interstitial fluid.
Lymphatic Drainage Directions: Used for lymphedema, aesthetic medicine for cellulite, eye bag removal, acne, and post-mastectomy care.
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