Male Reproductive System: Structure, Function, and Evolution
Male Reproductive System: Structure and Function
Male Reproductive System
The male reproductive system has two main parts: the reproductive organs and accessory glands. The main organ, or male gonad, is the testis, which is located in the scrotum.
- Scrotum: The scrotum is a pouch of pigmented skin arising from the lower abdominal wall. It protects the testes and acts as a thermoregulator.
- Testes: Testes are the primary sex organs and are extra-abdominal in position. Each testis contains about
Workplace Hazards and Control Measures
Contaminants can act on the source, the media, and the recipient. Elimination should address all three points.
Factors Affecting Hearing Damage:
- Intensity
- Frequency
- Type of noise
- Exposure Duration
Noise Levels and Effects:
- 10-20 dB(A): Barely audible.
- 40-50 dB(A): Comfortable sound.
- 60-65 dB(A): Normal city noise.
- 85 dB(A): Warning!
- 100-200 dB(A): Noise nuisance. Difficult to talk.
- 120-130 dB(A): Threshold of pain.
- 140 dB(A) or more: One exposure may cause permanent hearing loss.
Levels without Personal Protective
Read MoreCellular Respiration: Energy in Living Things
Living things need a constant power consumption; the cells use it in the form of chemical energy. Cellular respiration, the process used by most animal and plant cells, is the degradation of biomolecules (glucose, lipids, proteins) to produce the necessary energy release, so the organism can fulfill its vital functions. By degradation of glucose (glycolysis), pyruvic acid is formed. This acid is split into carbon dioxide and water, generating 36 ATP molecules.
Cellular respiration is a part of metabolism,
Read MoreKey Concepts in Cellular and Nervous System Physiology
SOL.I
- If during embryonic development a defect in neural tube closure occurs, the embryo may be born with anencephaly.
- With respect to the movement of H2O through biological membranes, it is correct that it occurs down a concentration gradient of water molecules.
- Proteins A and B cross the cell membrane. If solutes X and Y are more concentrated in the extracellular medium, and X leaves the cell through A while Y enters the cell through B, it is correct that protein A is a pump and protein B is a passive
Enzymes, Nucleic Acids, and RNA Types: A Comprehensive Look
Feedback Inhibition
Feedback inhibition can be considered a form of allosteric effect. It occurs when the final metabolite of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of the first enzyme in that pathway, thereby preventing the metabolite’s own production. This effect is achieved because the final metabolite inhibitor is able to bind to the regulatory site of the first enzyme.
Enzyme Classification
- Oxidoreductases: Redox reactions involving electron loss and gain.
- Transferases: Catalyze the transfer
Protein Structure, Fatty Acids, and Metabolism: Key Concepts
Protein Primary Structure
- Consists of a sequence of amino acids.
- Peptide bonds link amino acid residues.
Protein Secondary Structure
- Stabilized by hydrogen bonds between amino and carboxyl groups of amino acids.
- Composed of regular structures and repetitive polypeptide chains.
Protein Tertiary Structure
- Stabilized by noncovalent interactions.
- Disulfide bonds confer greater thermal stability.
- Can be destabilized by chemical agents such as urea and β-mercaptoethanol.
Protein Domains
- Domains are independent