Forensic DNA Analysis and CRISPR Systems: Key Concepts
1) Chelex Extraction Steps
Apple Flavonoids Suppress Carcinogen-Induced DNA Damage
Apple Flavonoids Suppress Carcinogen-Induced DNA Damage in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
The work Apple Flavonoids Suppress Carcinogen-Induced DNA Damage in Normal Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells explores the potential of flavonoids found in apple skins to reduce DNA damage in normal human bronchial epithelial cells induced by carcinogenic chemicals. Genomic instability is a key factor in cancer initiation and progression, so the selection of natural compounds that are able to improve DNA repair
Read MoreControlled Release Drug Delivery Systems and Design
Approaches to Design Controlled Release Formulations
These are the methods or processes by which we design Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems (CRDDS):
- 1. Diffusion-controlled release
- 2. Dissolution-controlled release
- 3. Ion-exchange controlled release
1) Diffusion-Controlled Release System
Diffusion is the process of movement of drug molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration during absorption. For CRDDS, we can control the diffusion process by using polymers. Before polymer
Read MoreEssential Biotechnology Concepts and Applications
1) Recombinant DNA (rDNA) Technology & Insulin Preparation
Principle: rDNA technology involves joining DNA molecules from two different species and inserting the resulting hybrid DNA into a host organism to produce new genetic combinations or proteins. It works by isolating the target gene, inserting it into a carrier (vector), and letting the host cell’s machinery read the gene and make the protein.
Role: It allows for the mass production of therapeutic proteins, disease resistance in crops,
Read MorePrinciples of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Absorption
1. Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) Drug Absorption
Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) drug absorption relies on several physiological mechanisms. Key factors like molecular size, lipid solubility, gastrointestinal pH, and gastric emptying time heavily influence how quickly and completely a medication enters the systemic circulation.
Mechanisms of Drug Transport
Drugs traverse the gastrointestinal membrane primarily through the following pathways:
- Passive Diffusion: The most common mechanism. Drugs move naturally
Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics Essential Definitions
Drug Disposition and Multi-Dose Administration
Drug Disposition is defined as the processes that tend to lower the plasma concentration of a drug; it is the sum of metabolism and excretion.
Multiple Dose Administration refers to the administration of successive dosages of a drug in which the drug is administered frequently with a constant dose interval.
Kidney Function Tests and Total Body Clearance
What are the tests for kidney function?
The kidney function tests include approximately 11 tests to assess
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