Drug Physicochemical Properties and Biological Action
Physicochemical Properties in Relation to Biological Action
Physicochemical Properties refer to the physical and chemical characteristics of a drug molecule that influence its behavior in biological systems. These properties play a crucial role in determining the drug’s absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). They include:
- Ionization
- Solubility
- Partition Coefficient
- Hydrogen Bonding
- Protein Binding
- Chelation
- Bioisosterism
- Optical and Geometrical Isomerism
1. Ionization
Ionization is a key
Read MorePharmacology Drug Classes and Mechanisms Summary
NSAIDs: Pain Relief and Inflammation Reduction
NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) are a class of meds that reduce inflammation, pain, and fever. They’re like the ultimate pain relief squad.
Classification
- Non-selective COX inhibitors: Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Naproxen
- COX-2 selective inhibitors: Celecoxib, Etoricoxib
Pharmacology of Aspirin
- Mechanism: Aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis, which leads to decreased pain, inflammation,
Molecular Muscle Physiology and Anti-Doping Regulations
Cellular Fate and the Cell Cycle
Cells can follow four major fates: proliferation (cell division), quiescence (reversible resting state), differentiation (specialization with reduced division), or apoptosis (programmed cell death). These outcomes depend on:
- Internal factors: Gene expression patterns, regulatory proteins (e.g., p53, pRb), and metabolic status.
- External factors: Growth factors, hormones, nutrient availability, and cell–cell contact.
Cell Cycle Mechanics
- G1 phase: Cell growth, normal
Animal
Applications of cell culture
Cell culture is one of the major tools used in cellular and molecular biology, providing excellent
model systems for studying the normal physiology and biochemistry of cells (e.G., metabolic
studies, aging), the effects of drugs and toxic compounds on the cells and mutagenesis and
carcinogenesis. It is also used in drug screening and development and large scale manufacturing
of biological compounds (e.G., vaccines, therapeutic proteins). The major advantage of using cell
culture
Read MoreMolecular Biology Techniques: Gene Therapy and cDNA Library Creation
Gene Therapy: Concepts and Applications
Ever since the dawn of mankind, diseases have plagued humans over the ages. Years of innovations and advancements in science have provided us with a deeper understanding of how diseases work. This has led to lower mortality rates and longer lifespans. But there are some diseases that just cannot be cured using traditional medicine or surgery. Gene therapy is an experimental technique that caters to patients with such diseases.
What is Gene Therapy?
Gene therapy
Read MoreUnderstanding Chemical Reactions and Equilibrium in Systems
1. If there is a chemical reaction within a system, this system cannot be a closed system.
False – A closed system does not exchange matter with its surroundings. Mass is conserved in a chemical reaction. Therefore, it is possible that a reaction happens within a closed system as long as no mass is exchanged with its surroundings.
2. If there is a chemical reaction within a system, this system cannot be in equilibrium.
False – It is possible for a system to be in equilibrium even if a chemical
Read More