Fundamentals of International Trade Logistics and Transport
WTO Trade Principles
Key principles governing international trade according to the World Trade Organization (WTO):
- Non-discrimination: Equal treatment between countries.
- Environmental Protection: Consideration for environmental sustainability.
- Transparency: Clear and accessible trade rules and regulations.
- Avoiding Trade Barriers: Reducing obstacles to international trade.
- Competitiveness: Eliminating unfair practices to ensure fair competition.
International Freight Transport Characteristics
- Longer distances
Concrete Measurement and Construction Bidding Essentials
Concrete Measurement and Volume Calculation
Concrete is measured by volume. The volume excludes space occupied by embedded armor pipes. Volume measurement applies to glazed tiles, ceilings, and radierer. Deduct spans (doors and windows) from areas greater than 0.05 m2.
Concrete scaling must be done on a separate line for each structure type and concrete type.
Types of Concrete and Structure
H20/H25/H30: Walls, Pillars, Beams, Slabs, Foundations, etc.
Foundations, Radierer, Emplantillados, and Floors
- Foundations:
QFD, FMEA, and Poka-Yoke for Enhanced Product Quality
Understanding Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) involves a thorough study to assess the product aspects that customers value most. Market studies are conducted to capture the “voice of the customer,” which includes:
- Basic Characteristics: What customers explicitly state they want in the product.
- Minimum Requirements: What customers expect but may not explicitly state (assumed features).
- Amazing Features: What customers don’t articulate but would be delighted to have
Software’s Journey: Evolution, Challenges, and Myths
The Dual Role and Importance of Software
Software plays a dual role: it is a product that delivers computing power via hardware, and it is the vehicle for delivering these products. Software acts as the basis for controlling the computer (Operating Systems), communicating information (Networks), and creating and controlling other programs. Fundamentally, software delivers what is considered the most important product of the 21st century: information.
Historical Eras of Software Development
First Era:
Read MoreTourism Management: Organization, Economics, Planning & Impacts
National/Regional Organization for Tourism Development
National Tourism Organizations (NTOs)
- Forms and Types
- Mission
- Organizational Structures – Examples: UK, China, Canada
Developed/Developing Country Considerations
- Active Role
- Passive Role
- Other Agencies’ Role in Tourism Development—US Example
International and Development Agencies
- International Development Agencies: World Bank, Regional Development Banks, UNDP, OAS, NGOs
- National Development Agencies: USAID
Defining a Region
- Socio-cultural Features
- Political
Key Concepts of the Web, Digital Culture & Licensing
Understanding the Web
Semantic Web
The Semantic Web refers to a World Wide Web (WWW) designed to process information in natural, human language.
Private Web
The Private Web consists of web content whose owners have intentionally taken steps to prevent it from appearing in search engine results.
Password-Protected Sites
Content requiring a password for entry, often intentionally kept private and part of the Deep Web.
Deep Web / Invisible Web
The Deep Web (or Invisible Web) encompasses content not indexed
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