Electronic Commerce Fundamentals: Definitions, Benefits, Risks, and Impacts
Electronic Commerce: Core Concepts & Impact
Electronic commerce (E-commerce) is the use of computer networks, mainly the Internet, to buy and sell goods and services and exchange information.
Key E-commerce Definitions
- B2B (Business-to-Business): Refers to transactions made between companies, which can include private companies, nonprofit organizations, or governments.
- B2C (Business-to-Consumer): Transactions between businesses that sell and private customers who buy.
- C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer):
Indian Stock Market Trading & Settlement Process
Indian Stock Exchange Trading & Settlement
The trading and settlement procedure on the Indian Stock Exchange involves several key steps:
- Trading information is sent from the Exchange to NSCCL (real-time and end-of-day trade files).
- The NSCCL notifies clearing members and custodians who have affirmed the trades of the details of the completed trade. NSCCL applies multilateral netting and establishes obligations based on the affirmation.
- Downloading of obligation and pay-in advice for funds/assets.
Understanding Managerial Roles and Leadership Styles
Understanding Managers
Managers are workers responsible for one or more subordinates within an organization. They are administrators of the organization, in charge of a functional unit, ensuring goals and objectives are achieved. Managers are those who apply management principles to achieve organizational objectives efficiently and effectively.
Manager Classifications
According to Organizational Hierarchy:
- Executives (Top Management): CEO, President, Deputy, Director. Typically not beyond the 3rd level
Understanding Spain’s Financial System and Institutions
Understanding Spain’s Financial System
Spanish Financial System Overview
The Spanish financial system is in charge of conducting financial resources from savers to investors. Its key elements are:
- Financial instruments
- Financial intermediaries
- Financial markets
Financial Instruments Defined
Financial instruments are securities or book-entry securities issued by those who need resources and acquired by those with financial resources. Therefore, financial instruments are both an asset and a liability. An
Read MoreIndustrial Energy Efficiency & Management Strategies
Boiler Systems & Types
Boiler Fundamentals
- Typical Boiler Specifications
- Boiler Selection Criteria
- Boiler Properties
Boiler Classification
- Boiler Types & Classification
- Advantages of Horizontal Boilers
- Firetube Boilers
- Water Tube Boilers
- Package Boilers
- Chain Grate Boilers
- Spreader Stoker Boilers
- Pulverized Fuel Boilers
- Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) Boilers
Boiler Performance Optimization
Boiler Performance Evaluation
- Advantages & Disadvantages
Boiler Blowdown Management
- Intermittent Blowdown
- Continuous
Effective Project Management: EML Instruments and Methodologies
Project Production Instruments
The high degree of systematization in project production with the EML involves two generic types of controls: internal controls, which direct how work is organized to achieve objectives, and external communications, which inform applicants and participants about the work and its results. This is achieved through the creation of standardized written procedures that explain how the project will be developed.
The EML uses two types of instruments: production instruments
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