NABARD & SIDBI Roles, Initiatives, and Banking Principles

NABARD: Mission and Core Functions

The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) is India’s apex development financial institution, established to provide and regulate credit for the promotion and development of agriculture, small-scale industries, cottage and village industries, handicrafts, and other rural crafts. Established on July 12, 1982, under the NABARD Act, 1981, it was created based on the recommendations of the B. Sivaraman Committee (CRAFICARD) to take over the agricultural

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Employee Representation: Rights, Guarantees, and Union Structure

Employee Representation in the Company

Workers can participate in the future of the company through their representatives. This participation is channeled through two main forms:

  • Staff Delegates and Works Councils (Unitary Representation).
  • Trade Unions (Collective Representation).

The right of workers to participate in the company is recognized in the Constitution (Article 129.2) and the Workers’ Statute (Article 4.1 g)).

Workers have the right to meet in assembly at the workplace, provided conditions

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Balance of Payments: Theory, Policy, and Institutions

Balance of Payments: Theory and Policy

The Balance of Payments, also known as Balance of International Payments (BoP), of a country is the record of all economic transactions between the residents of the country and the rest of the world in a particular period. Transactions are made by individuals, firms, and government bodies; they include payments for the country’s exports and imports of goods, services, financial capital, and financial transfers.

Balancing Mechanisms

If the current account is in

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Essential Concepts in Consumer Behavior and Marketing Strategy

Consumer Definitions and Behavior Fundamentals

Key Definitions: Consumer, Customer, and Client

  • Consumer: The individual who uses or consumes a product or service.
  • Customer: The individual or organization that purchases a product or service.
  • Client: The individual or organization that receives personalized or professional services, often involving an ongoing relationship.

Defining Consumer Behavior

Consumer behavior encompasses all activities associated with the purchase, use, and disposal of goods and

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Lean Startup Principles for Early-Stage Ventures

Problem Identification

The project starts from a real customer problem, not from technology. Students suffer from digital distraction and lack of focus, while teachers lack simple non-digital tools to improve engagement. According to the course logic, “no problem, no business”, and the problem exists independently of the solution.

Solution & Value Proposition

TimePlay is a short physical classroom game designed to improve focus, time management, and collaboration. The key principle applied

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AI Strategy, Competitive Advantage, and Business Model Innovation

The Necessity of AI Strategy and the Exponential Gap

AI strategy is critical for companies today because it determines their capacity to navigate the exponential age and dictates whether they can achieve competitive growth.

The exponential gap refers to the significant difference between traditional companies that grow linearly and high-performing companies that achieve exponential growth, driven primarily by the adoption of AI. To close this gap and remain competitive, companies must undergo a digital

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