India’s Economic Development: Plans, NITI Aayog, and Agriculture

1st Five Year Plan (1951–1956)

Focus: Agriculture, irrigation, and price stability

Objective: Recover from partition and post-independence economic crisis

Result: Successful, with 3.6% growth (target was 2.1%)


2nd Five Year Plan (1956–1961)

Focus: Industrialization – heavy industries

Model: Mahalanobis model

Key Feature: Public sector-led growth

Result: Mixed, growth was 4.27%


3rd Five Year Plan (1961–1966)

Focus: Agriculture, industry, and education

Challenge: War with China (1962) and Pakistan (1965)

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Trade Dynamics: Features, Growth, and Spain’s Economic Landscape

Global Trade Dynamics: Features & Growth Drivers

Key Features of Modern Trade

  • High concentration of demand in urban and industrial areas.
  • Growing specialization of trade to meet this demand.
  • Marked increase in total trade volume, encompassing all kinds of products, even those with very low prices or bundled. Trade has become a global activity.
  • The economic importance of trade has spurred studies to understand demand trends and preferences, aiding in logistics for production planning, transport, storage,
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Retail Management Strategies & Store Operations

Retail Management Essentials

Retail 1: Distribution & Store Fundamentals

Modes of Retail Distribution

  • Retail (Direct Channel)
  • Wholesale (Indirect Channel)
  • E-commerce
  • Omnichannel Distribution

The Pivotal Role of Physical Stores

The store plays a fundamental role in the creation of the customer experience journey. It is nowadays considered a real temple for the company, where brands communicate values and provide experiences.

ROPO: Research Online, Purchase Offline

It reflects today’s customer preference:

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Essential HR Manager Functions & Skills

HR Manager Responsibilities

1. Recruitment and Onboarding

  • Utilize Technology
  • Implement Formal Mentorship and Coaching
  • Facilitate Socialization Opportunities

2. Tracking Employee Leave and Attendance

3. Processing Salaries and Remuneration

4. Defining Workplace Policies

5. Organizational Structure and Planning

6. 360-Degree Performance Management with HR Analytics

  • Collect Feedback
  • Make Feedback Helpful
  • Analyze Results
  • Support Growth
  • Conduct Ongoing Reviews

7. Training and Development

  • Assessing Training Needs
  • Setting
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Essential Business Practices for Construction Professionals

Prioritizing Materials for Residential Building Projects

Effective material management strategies include, but are not limited to:

  • Understanding Construction Sequencing: This is a fundamental and challenging activity in the management and execution of construction projects, dictating when materials are needed.
  • Knowing Delivery Timelines: Not only understanding A.M. or P.M. delivery slots but also at which specific stage of the project materials are required.
  • Site Access and Placement: Assessing the
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Strategic Investment and Capital Budgeting for Business Growth

Investment Decisions

Investment decisions, also known as capital budgeting decisions, are critical choices businesses make about allocating resources to long-term assets. These decisions significantly impact a firm’s growth, profitability, and market standing. They involve assessing potential projects, estimating future cash flows, and evaluating associated risks. The primary objective is to select investments offering the highest returns while minimizing risks.

Cost of Capital: A Brief Introduction

The

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