Nomenclature and Conformations of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: A Comprehensive Guide
Nomenclature and Conformations of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
Chapter 4 Terms
IUPAC System (Sec 4.3)
A system for naming compounds through naming rules, with the fundamental principle that each different compound should have an unambiguous name; originally developed in 1892 by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
Alkyl Halide (Sec 2.5, 4.3E, 6.1)
Compound in which a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I) replaces a hydrogen atom of an alkane, with the general formula RX. Also called haloalkane.
Alcohol
Read MoreThe Basics: Bonding and Molecular Structure in Organic Chemistry
Terms for Ch 1: The Basics: Bonding and Molecular Structure
Atom (Sec 1.2)
Smallest unit of matter that retains an element’s properties; composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Element (Sec 1.2)
Fundamental form of matter composed of atoms of only one kind (identical atomic number), that cannot be broken apart into a different form of matter by ordinary physical or chemical means.
Compound (Sec 1.2)
Substance composed of two or more different elements that are chemically bound.
Atomic Number, Z (
Read MoreIntroduction to Chemistry: Basic Concepts and Principles
Introduction to Chemistry
Types of Research
1. Applied Research
Applied research is generally carried out to solve a specific problem.
2. Basic Research
Basic research is carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge.
3. Technological Development
Technological development typically involves the production and use of products that improve our quality of life.
Matter and Its Properties
4. The Smallest Unit of Matter
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of that matter is an atom.
5. Definition
Read MoreChapter 5: Stereochemistry: Chiral Molecules – Key Terms
Terms for Chapter 5: Stereochemistry: Chiral Molecules
C
Chirality (Sec 5.1, 5.3, 5.6): The property of nonidentity of an object with its mirror image.
Chirality center (Sec 5.3, 5.12, 5.17): A tetrahedral atom with four different groups attached to it, so that interchanging any two groups produces a stereoisomer.
Chiral molecule (Sec 5.3, 5.10, 5.12): A molecule that is not superposable on its mirror image, that has handedness, and an enantiomer of the molecule exists.
cis-trans Isomers (Sec 1.13B,
Read MoreIntroduction to Chemistry: A Comprehensive Guide
Properties of Matter
Properties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive or intensive. Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition. Three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible.
Mixtures
Mixtures can be classified as heterogeneous mixtures or as homogeneous mixtures, based on the distribution of their components. Differences in physical properties
Read MoreGenomic DNA Isolation from Cheek Epithelium: A Step-by-Step Guide
Genomic DNA Isolation from Cheek Epithelium
Exercise 1: Isolation of Genomic DNA from Cells of Cheek Epithelium
Isolation and purification of nucleic acids is the first phase of the majority of procedures applied in molecular biology. Obtaining some pure material, regardless of its origin, is the basic aim of such works. There are many methods of nucleic acid isolation and purification, and a choice of the most suitable method depends on:
- the analyzed nucleic acid (RNA/DNA),
- an organism that the genetic