Solubility, States of Matter, and Gas Laws
Solubility and Its Characteristics
The solubility of a pure substance in a given solvent at a specific temperature is one of its characteristic properties.
Defining Solubility
The solubility of a solute at a given temperature and in a given solvent is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in 100g of the solvent at that temperature.
Solubility of Gases
When you raise the temperature of a solution containing a dissolved gas, the solubility decreases. The solubility of a gas in a liquid increases
Read MoreBasic Concepts in Chemistry and Properties of Matter
Key Definitions in Chemistry
Definitions:
Chemistry – A science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of substances and the changes they undergo.
Matter – Anything that takes up space and can be weighed (i.e., has volume and mass).
Volume – The amount of space occupied by a sample of matter.
Pure Substance – A single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical means. It always has a definite and constant composition.
Examples: Gold, copper, oxygen,
Temporary and Permanent Hair Transformations
Different Types of Hair Transformations
Temporary Changes: A natural change in hair form, from curly to straight or vice-versa, that is short-lived.
Lifelong Changes: Transforms hair to smooth, curly, or straight, and is long-lasting until the hair is cut.
Duration of Temporary Changes
- Type of Hair
- Environmental Conditions
- Cosmetics Used
- Method and Skill of the Barber
- Use of Accessories
Factors in Temporary Changes
Humidity, heat, and stretching.
Scientific Basis for Temporary Changes
The position of alpha-
Read MoreRadioactivity and Nuclear Processes
Key Terms in Radioactivity
- Alpha Particle: A helium nucleus emitted by some radioactive substances.
- Band of Stability: A band containing nonradioactive nuclides in a plot of the number of neutrons versus the atomic number.
- Beta Particle: A fast-moving electron emitted by the radioactive decay of substances.
- Carbon Dating: The determination of the age or date of organic matter from the relative proportions of the carbon isotopes it contains.
- Chain Reaction: A process in which the products themselves promote
Cellular Components: Bioelements, Organic & Inorganic
Protoplasmic Components: When a substance has a single type of atom, that substance is an element. Substances are made up of different atom unions, i.e., they are mostly chemical compounds. Almost fifty elements have been found in protoplasm. Among the elements that are part of the living world, there is an almost complete dominance of a few, known as bioelements. Elements in very small amounts that are essential for living things are called trace elements. Bioelements are more suitable for life
Read MoreUnderstanding Chemical Equilibrium: Factors and Principles
Chemical Equilibrium: Definition
Chemical Equilibrium: The condition where the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.
Homogeneous Equilibrium
Homogeneous equilibrium: A state in which reactants and products are in the same phase and physical state.
Law of Mass Action
Law of mass action: This law states that the equilibrium constant is the ratio of the product of the concentrations of the products raised to their respective stoichiometric coefficients, divided by the product of the concentrations
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