Sustainable Food Waste Management and Waste Minimization Techniques

  1. Applications for Food Waste Management

    What is Food Waste?

    Food waste is a global issue with significant environmental and economic consequences. It encompasses discarded food that could have been consumed by humans or animals. This document explores various sustainable food waste management (SFM) techniques, including:

    Composting

    Composting decomposes food waste into nutrient-rich soil amendments. Different methods, such as backyard composting and vermicomposting, are employed.

    Anaerobic Digestion

    Anaerobic

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Basic Chemistry Concepts

Atoms and Subatomic Particles

Atom: The smallest unit of an element that retains the element’s properties. Nucleus: The dense core of an atom, containing protons and neutrons, and holding most of the atom’s mass. Proton: A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus with a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu). Neutron: A neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus with a mass of 1 amu. Electron: A negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the nucleus with negligible mass.

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Science Class Notes: Chemistry, Physics & Biology

Lesson 1: Atoms, Elements, Properties & Changes

Atoms & Elements

Atom: The smallest unit of matter. Example: Oxygen atom (O)

Element: A pure substance made up of only one type of atom. Example: Carbon (C)

Properties of Matter

Physical properties: Characteristics observed without changing the substance. Example: Color, density, melting point.

Chemical properties: Characteristics that describe how a substance reacts with others. Example: Reactivity, flammability.

Changes in Matter

Physical change:

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Materials Science: Properties and Applications

INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS SCIENCE

Definition of materials:


When the term is used in the plural material, ie material is being referred generally to all elements that are needed for specific activities or tasks. The notion of materials can be applied to different situations and places, but always turn around several elements that are important and useful to perform some action, as well as objects which are also to be used jointly.

RAW MATERIAL:


All items included in the development of a product. The

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Heavy Metal Extraction Methods for Waste Analysis

Heavy Metals in Waste: Selective Extraction Methods

Selective extraction is a technique used to separate and analyze metals bound to different components within a waste sample. This method is crucial because the mobility, bioavailability, and environmental impact of heavy metals depend not only on their total concentration but also on how they are bound to the solid phase (Filgueiras et al., 2002). By fractionating metals based on their mobility, selective extraction provides valuable insights into

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Chemistry Fundamentals: Reactions, Equations, and Key Concepts

Metals and Nonmetals

Metals

  • Group 1: H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Ag
  • Group 2: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
  • Transition Metals: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Au, Hg

Nonmetals

  • Group 13: B
  • Group 14: C, Si
  • Group 15: N, P, As, Sb
  • Group 16: O, S, Se, Te
  • Group 17: F, Cl, Br, I

Types of Oxides

  • Basic Oxides: Formed by metals, e.g., FeO (Iron Oxide)
  • Acidic Oxides (Anhydrides): Formed by nonmetals, e.g., SO2 (Sulfur Dioxide)

Types of Compounds

  • Metal Hydrides: Formed by metals and hydrogen, e.g., FeH2 (Iron Hydride)
  • Acidic Hydrides:
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