Periodic Table Properties and Electron Configurations
A repetition of properties occurs when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
periodic law
type of element characterized by the presence of electrons in the d orbital
transition metal
basis for Mendeleev’s arrangement of the periodic table
atomic mass
subatomic particles that are transferred to form positive and negative ions
electrons
Each period in the periodic table corresponds to a(n)
principal energy level |
The modern periodic table is arranged in order of increasing atomic __
Read MoreComprehensive Chemistry Guide: Properties, Reactions, and Concepts
Chemical Properties
Chemical properties describe the changes that occur during a reaction.
Chemical Changes
Chemical changes involve the formation of new substances when elements or compounds combine.
Physical Changes
Physical changes affect the form or appearance of a substance without altering its chemical composition.
Physical Properties
Physical properties describe the observable characteristics of a substance, such as color, density, and melting point.
Naming Compounds
- Write the name of both elements
Materials: Properties, Types, and Applications
Matter
Paricular elementary (protons, neutrons, electrons) Source
Of materials.
**Natural materials** are obtained directly from nature (from living or inert). Ex: wood, granite, leather, cotton , wool …** Artificial materials** obtained from raw materials (materials extracted from the natural) after a process of recycled materials. are obtained from objects of same material.
Material Properties
A) MECHANICAL:
- Density: d = m / V.
- Hardness: hard material is + another when q is able to scratch the second.
Chemistry Notes: Hydrocarbons, Organic Chemistry, Thermodynamics, and More
Hydrocarbons
Reactions and Concepts
Wurtz Reaction
Alkyl halides react with metallic sodium in dry ether to form alkanes.
Sodium Acetate to Methane and Ethane
Sodium acetate heated with soda lime undergoes decarboxylation to form methane. It undergoes Kolbe’s electrolysis to yield ethane.
Conformations
Different spatial arrangements of atoms due to free rotation around a C-C single bond. Ethane exhibits eclipsed and staggered conformations, with staggered being more stable due to minimized repulsion.
Read MoreDiborane: Properties, Reactions, and Structure
Diborane is a chemical compound that consists of boron and hydrogen atoms, and has a molecular formula B²H⁶. This substance is highly unstable at room temperature. The compounds consisting of boron and hydrogen atoms are called boranes. Diborane is one of the simplest borane hydrides.
Methods of Preparation:
- When boron trifluoride is treated with Li or sodium hydride in ethereal solution, B2H6 is formed. 2BF3 + 6LiH – ether – 6LiF + B2H6. 2BF3 + 6NaOH – ether – 6NaOH + B2H6.
- B2H6 is obtained from
Properties of Copper Alloys, Nickel, Magnesium, Aluminum, and Annealing
Copper Alloys
Copper alloys: Great ductility without allowing thanks to that can be easily cold worked and matching not so easy. Corrosion resistance is outstanding in most normal environment. Mechanical properties are quite limited and they can improved with alloying materials. Most copper alloys cannot be hardened or strengthened by heat-treating procedures, cold working or solid solution to improve mechanical properties. Brass: copper + zinc. Alpha phase stable up to 35%. FCC crystal structure
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