Electrochemistry Fundamentals: Cells, Potential, and Reactions
Fundamental Concepts of Electrochemistry
What is Electrochemistry?
Electrochemistry is the study of the relationship between chemical reactions and electricity. Advancements in this field are driving new developments in energy storage, energy conversion, catalysis, synthesis, separations, and instrumentation. Electroanalytical chemistry, a branch of analytical chemistry, uses electrochemical techniques to study and analyze substances in solution.
Common Electroanalytical Methods
- Potentiometry
- Controlled
Chemical Bonds: Ionic, Covalent, and Their Properties
IONIZATION ENERGY
The energy involved in the process by which a neutral atom of an element X, in a gaseous state, gives up an electron from its outer level and becomes a monopositive ion X+, also in a gaseous state, is called the ionization energy.
ELECTRON AFFINITY
The energy exchanged in the process by which a neutral atom of an element X, in a gaseous state, receives an electron and becomes a mononegative ion X–, also in the gaseous state, is called electron affinity.
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
The electronegativity
Read MoreBasic Concepts of Chemistry
n.
Principal.Capa.Valores. 1-inf.
l. Secundario.Orbital.Valores.0 – (n-1)
M
Magnetico.Orientacion orbital.Valores
-L .. 0 .. L
s.
Spin.Giro electron.Valores + – 1 / 2
Ex:
s.0. P.1.D.2.F.3
C.Electronica
S.2.P.6.D.10.F.14
N ° Atomico
Protons in a atomo.Z.Electrrones
No. Masica
Sum of neutrons and Prot
Dalton elements formed by part. Are indivisible atoms
atoms of an element = mass prop.
CPTs are formed by the union of simple atoms in relation num
R.Quimica atoms in dif agupran form nor create
Dermatology Drug Formulations
Read MoreEssential Oils
The Power of Plant Essences
Aromatherapy is the treatment of ailments with highly concentrated oils extracted from plants. These extracts, called essential oils or essences, contain the substances that give plants their perfume and, therefore, their main characteristic is odor.
Essential oils are produced from tiny glands present in the petals, stem, bark, and wood of many plants and trees. In nature, these glands release aromas progressively. When crushed or heated, they explode and
Essential Oils and Dermatology Formulations Guide
The Therapeutic Power of Aromatic Plant Essences
Aromatherapy is used to treat ailments with highly concentrated oils extracted from plants. These extracts, called essential oils, contain the essences or perfume substances that give plants their characteristic odor.
Essential oils are produced from tiny glands present in the petals, stem, bark, and wood of many plants and trees. In nature, these glands release aromas progressively from the plants. When crushed or heated, they explode and release the
Read MoreAtomic Structure: From Dalton to the Quantum Model
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
In the nineteenth century, English chemist John Dalton, drawing on the ideas of Leucippus and Democritus, set out the atomic theory which states that:
- Chemical elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms.
- Atoms of the same element are equal in mass and other properties.
- Atoms of different elements differ in mass and other properties.
- Atoms of different elements combine to form compounds.
Discovery of the Electron
Michael Faraday applied electric shocks to containers
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