Reinforced Concrete: Properties and Uses
Reinforced Concrete
Reinforced concrete is a composite material formed by combining cement, water, fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate (crushed stone or gravel), and air. Admixtures, also known as additives, can be included to modify the properties of the fresh or hardened concrete. The concrete mixture is placed in formwork and then cured to facilitate the hydration reaction, a chemical process that produces a hard, rock-like material.
Aggregates
- Fine Aggregates: Typically natural or manufactured
Corrosion and Concrete: Causes, Prevention, and Repair
Chloride-Induced Corrosion in Concrete
Q1. A) Explain chloride-induced corrosion.
When chlorides are present, water carrying chloride ions is deposited on the concrete surface. This allows the chloride ions to permeate the concrete cover through a combination of capillary action, evaporation, deposition, and diffusion. When chloride ions reach the steel surface, they combine with hydrogen ions in the pore water, creating acids. In sufficient concentrations, these acids neutralize the alkalinity of
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Sequence of Processes for Constructing Foundations and Retaining Walls
The foundations of a building are the parts that are in contact with the soil, which transmit the loads. The strength of a building depends upon its foundations, as they fulfill the conditions necessary for the proper transmission of loads to the ground on which they settle.
Seating Area
Terra is called total or differential, according to whether the entire land settles or only one or more points of it.
Classification of Land
- Rocks:
Types and Uses of Construction Materials: Ceramics to Cement
Ceramics
Ceramics apply to household objects made from various types of clays. They have great resistance to compression but are weak against tensile forces.
Igneous Rocks
- Composed of silicates and other compounds
- Formed by the cooling of magma inside the Earth
Igneous Rock-Crystal Structures
The most popular are:
- Granite: A composite of quartz, feldspar, and mica
- Gravel: Crushed to produce smaller pieces
- Gabbro and Diorite: Used for laying road surfaces
Igneous-Glass Structure
- Basalt
- Pyrite and Pumice: Used
Concrete Fundamentals: Composition, Characteristics, and Uses
Importance of the Water-Cement Ratio
The finely powdered cement, when combined with water in a specific ratio, is called the water-cement ratio.
Plasticity
Due to its plasticity, concrete adapts to any shape as the mold is transported.
Hardness
Are they dry? – Function
It is a granular material composed of particles of stone origin, different sizes, hard and stable. Its aim is to build a skeleton or inert concrete structure.
What is Concrete?
Concrete, in its most general form, is a mass composed of stone
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