Kali Linux Command Reference: Basic to Intermediate Shell
This cheat sheet covers essential commands for system navigation, file management, user administration, and networking in Kali Linux, spanning foundational concepts (Lessons 1-2) and more advanced topics (Lessons 3-4).
System Information and Navigation
| Concept | Command / Info | Key Point |
|---|---|---|
| OS Info | uname -a | Show kernel, version, and architecture |
| Hostname | hostname | Show the system’s hostname (L3-4) |
| List files | ls, ls -l, ls -als | -l = detailed listing, -a = show hidden files |
| Manual | man <cmd> | View command help documentation |
System Programming Fundamentals: Linking, Memory, and Concurrency
Linking
- The linker is unaware of local variables that exist only within functions.
- Local variables with the same name as global variables follow their local scope.
Symbol Types in Linking
Global Symbols
- Symbols defined by module
m(e.g.,m.cpp) that can be referenced by other modules. - Includes non-static C functions and non-static global variables.
External Symbols
- Global symbols referenced by module
mbut defined by some other module.
Local Symbols
- Symbols defined and referenced exclusively by module
m. - Includes
Implementing Hash Tables with Chaining and Linear Probing
Hash Function Implementation
def hash_func(key, size):
return sum(ord(c) for c in key) % size
Hash Table with Chaining
class HashTableChaining:
def __init__(self, size):
self.table = [[] for _ in range(size)]
self.comparisons = 0
Insert Method
def insert(self, name, number):
index = hash_func(name, len(self.table))
self.table[index].append((name, number))
Search Method
def search(self, name):
index = hash_func(name, len(self.table))
for n, num in
Malware Types and Cyber Attack Defense Strategies
Malware: Malicious Software Defined
Malware is malicious software designed to disrupt systems, steal information, or gain unauthorized access. The primary goals of malware include:
- Disruption: Shutting down processes or freezing systems.
- Data Theft: Exfiltrating sensitive data like passwords.
- Unauthorized Access: Providing attackers with a secret entry point.
- Covert Control: Enabling remote command and control (C&C) operations, often forming botnets.
The fundamental concept of malware has remained
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