10 Foundational Principles for Secure System Design

Posted by on Dec 12, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

10 Core Security Principles in One Line

  1. Economy of Mechanism

    Keep it small and simple.

    • Do: Minimize features and Lines of Code (LoC) in the TCB.
    • Don’t: Add non-critical features in the critical path.
    • Why: Fewer bugs, easier audits.
    • Example: Remove optional TLS extensions; use minimal parsing libraries.

  2. Fail-Safe Defaults

    Default deny; whitelist, not blacklist.

    • Do: Permit access only when explicitly allowed; fail-closed on errors.
    • Don’t: Expose services publicly by default.
    • Example: Firewalls drop traffic
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Python Fundamentals: 54 Essential Concepts and Code Examples

Posted by on Dec 12, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

Python Fundamentals: 54 Essential Concepts

1. Key Features of the Python Programming Language

  • Python is easy to read and write, making it quick for beginners to learn.
  • It is an interpreted language, meaning it executes code line-by-line.
  • It has a large standard library and supports multiple programming styles (procedural, object-oriented, functional).

Example: Basic Output

print("Hello Python")

2. Different Data Types in Python and Their Usage

  • int – Whole numbers (e.g., 5, -10).
  • float – Decimal numbers
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Understanding Computers: Functions, Features, and Generations

Posted by on Dec 11, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

Definition of Computer:

A computer is an electronic device that processes input data according to a set of instructions (programs), stores it, and produces meaningful output as information. It performs four basic operations: Input, Processing, Storage, and Output.

  • It is a data processing machine that can perform arithmetic and logical operations at extremely high speed and accuracy.

  • It is used in every field today due to its efficiency, reliability, versatility, and automation capabilities.

Need and

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Comprehensive Question Bank for Object Oriented Programming

Posted by on Dec 10, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

Department of Information Technology

Question Bank (III Sem 2025-26)

Subject: Object Oriented Programming (3SN02)

Subject Faculty: Dr. P.P. Deshmukh

Unit I

  1. Explain Object Oriented Programming principles with real-life examples.

  2. Explain all primitive data types supported by the Java programming language with suitable examples.

  3. Write ‘for’, ‘while’, and ‘do-while’ programs to compute 4 + 8 + 12 + 16 + … + 80.

  4. What are the applications of Object Oriented Programming?

  5. Explain the features of Java.

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Redux State Management Examples and React Hooks Performance

Posted by on Dec 10, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

Redux Task Store Implementation

1. Setup and Initial State

Import createStore from Redux. Note: In modern Redux Toolkit, this function is deprecated in favor of configureStore.

const { createStore } = require('redux'); // Or 'import { createStore } from 'redux';'
const initialState = { tasks: [] };

2. Action Types & Creators

Define actions for adding and removing tasks.

const ADD_TASK = 'ADD_TASK';
const REMOVE_TASK = 'REMOVE_TASK';

function addTask(task) { // task: { id, description }
  return
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Understanding Relational Database Concepts and Operations

Posted by on Dec 9, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

1. Relational Model Basics
Key Concepts:

  • A relation is a set of tuples (no duplicates, no ordering).
  • Each tuple conforms to the relation’s schema.
  • Primary keys uniquely identify tuples.
  • Foreign keys maintain referential integrity.

Practice Question: Consider a library database with Books(ISBN, title, author, year). Which statement is true?

  • a) Two books can have the same ISBN if they’re different editions.
  • b) The order of book records affects query results.
  • c) Each book record must conform to the (ISBN, title,
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