Understanding Virtual Memory: Paging and Segmentation
Paging
The virtual address space is divided into pages of equal size. The main memory is divided into physical pages of the same size. These physical pages are shared among different processes in the system. A process will have a few pages resident in main memory (active) and the rest in secondary memory (inactive). The paging mechanism serves two functions:
- To carry out the task of transforming addresses, or set the page that corresponds to a particular address of a page, as well as the physical
Windows Forms Controls and Development: A Practical Approach
ToolStrip Control
The ToolStrip control lets you create a toolbar with the professional and consistent visual style of Microsoft Office. ToolStrip controls are containers for ToolStripItems.
The ToolStrip contains the following items:
- ToolStripButton: A button that can contain text or an image.
- ToolStripLabel: A label that displays text, images, and hyperlinks.
- ToolStripSplitButton: Represents a combination of standard buttons, a kind of menu.
- ToolStripDropDownButton: Represents a list box where the user
Advanced Computer Architecture: Optimizing Performance and Efficiency
Amdahl’s Law
- Formula: S = (1 / ((1 – f) + (f / Senhanced))), where f is the fraction, S is the system speedup, and Senhanced is the enhanced speedup factor.
- Perfect parallelism is limited by serial components.
- Small sequential portions dominate performance for large N.
- Example: For f = 0.9 and Senhanced = 10, S = 5.26.
Response Time
- Definition: Time elapsed from the start to completion of a task.
- Includes:
- Disk access, memory latency, I/O, and OS overhead.
- Formula: Tresponse = Tservice + Tqueuing
Instruction
Read MoreUnderstanding Vector Embeddings: Applications, Creation, and Similarity Search
Week 10: Vector Databases, Cloud Architecture, and Operations
Introduction: Vector embeddings are lists of numbers, a core concept in machine learning. They are central to many applications, including:
- Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- Recommendation systems
- Search algorithms
Examples of real-world systems that rely on embeddings:
- Recommendation engines
- Voice assistants
- Language translators
What Are Vector Embeddings?
Vector embeddings are lists of numbers representing complex data structures. They allow
Read MoreNetwork Topologies and Communication Methods: Key Concepts
What are LANs?
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a communication system that connects computers at high speed within a limited area, usually within the same building. A LAN consists of network hardware and software, providing the ability to share resources, including software, information, hard drives, directories, and printers.
What is a MAN?
A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is used to interconnect LANs. They are not geographically limited in size and often need to interface with special hardware, telephone
Read MoreNoSQL and MongoDB: Scalable Database Solutions
Week 7: NoSQL
What is Big Data?
Scale – Dimensions
- Workload – Number of concurrent sessions and operations
- Operation mix (create, read, update, delete)
- Read – query mix
- Generally, each system use case represents a distinct workload
- Data Sets – Volume, Velocity, Variety
- Number of records
- Record size
- Record structure (e.g., sparse records)
- Homogeneity/heterogeneity of structure/schema
- Elasticity
- Runtime peaks and valleys – how frequently, how quickly, how much
Scalability
“Scalability is the ability
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