Essential OS and Computer Networking Lab Exam Q&A

Posted by on Dec 3, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

Operating System (OS) Lab Questions

Basic OS Concepts

  1. What is an Operating System (OS)?

    → It is system software that acts as an interface between the user and the hardware.

  2. What are the main functions of an OS?

    → Process management, memory management, file management, I/O management, and security.

  3. What is a process?

    → A program in execution.

  4. Difference between process and program?

    → A program is passive (stored on disk); a process is active (in execution).

  5. What is a thread?

    → A lightweight process;

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Essential Python and Command Line Programming Concepts

Posted by on Nov 30, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

Essential Command Line Tools

Terminal Commands

  • mkdir: Creates a new directory.
  • pwd or cd (or chdir): Shows the current working directory.
  • Changing Directory Example: To change the current directory to the ‘SI206’ folder (if you are currently in its parent folder, ‘Fall22’), use cd SI206.

Git Commands (Version Control)

  • git clone url: Copies a repository to your local computer.
  • git status: Shows what has changed and what is staged for commit.
  • git add file: Adds a specific file to the staging area for the
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Database Storage Structures and Index Management Techniques

Posted by on Nov 29, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

Database Storage Structures

There are several methods for storing user data in a database, each optimized for different performance and scalability requirements.

Regular Tables

A regular table (generally referred to as a “table”) is the most commonly used form of storing user data.

  • The database administrator has very limited control over the distribution of rows in an un-clustered table.
  • Rows can be stored in any order depending on the activity on the table.

Partitioned Tables

A partitioned table enables

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Data Structuring, Acquisition, Cleaning, and ETL Cheatsheet

Posted by on Nov 29, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

Module 1 Cheatsheet — Foundations, Acquisition, DOM/XPath, Structuring


1) What “Big Data” means:


No single size cutoff. Think:
Volume (lots of rows/large objects), Variety (heterogeneous), Velocity (fast-changing), Veracity (quality).Implication: choose tools/storage/pipelines that match data scale and shape.

2) Three canonical encodings:


Tables / Relations / DataFrames

Heterogeneous columns; ideal for SQL/Pandas joins, filters, aggregations.

Arrays / Matrices / Tensors

Uniform numeric cells;

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Mastering SQL: Practical Database Design and Query Examples

Posted by on Nov 29, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

SQL Database Management: Supplier and Product Inventory

Defining the Inventory Schema (DDL)

We begin by setting up the database structure for tracking suppliers and their products. Note the use of PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, and CHECK constraints for ensuring data integrity.

Supplier Table Creation

CREATE TABLE Supplier (
    SupplierID INT PRIMARY KEY,
    Name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    City VARCHAR(50)
);

Product Table Creation

CREATE TABLE Product (
    ProductID INT PRIMARY KEY,
    Name VARCHAR(100)
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Programming Language Concepts: Binding, Scope, and Data Structures

Posted by on Nov 28, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

Binding, Typing, and Namespaces

A binding is an association between an entity and an attribute, such as between a variable and its type or value, or between an operation and a symbol.

Variable Scope: Static vs. Dynamic

Variable Scope is the range of statements in which the variable is visible. A variable is visible in a statement if it can be referenced or assigned in that statement.

  • Static Scoping: The scope of a variable is determined prior to program execution and remains unchanged throughout (can
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