Monitor and Graphics Technologies: A Deep Dive
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitors
CRT monitors were once the most common type. They work by directing red, green, and blue electron beams across a phosphorus-coated screen. The phosphor glows when struck by the electron beam, while areas not struck remain dark. The combination of glowing and non-glowing areas creates the image.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Monitors
LCD monitors consist of two polarizing filters with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electronic current aligns the crystals, allowing
Read MoreNRZ, MDT, MDF, ISDN, and Passive S0 Bus Explained
NRZ, MDT, MDF, ISDN, and Passive S0 Bus
NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero): One of the drawbacks of NRZ is that the signal must be accompanied by synchronization pulses, i.e., the clock signal. Without this, it’s impossible to determine bit synchrony. Therefore, a separate channel is required exclusively for the clock signal, leading to resource wastage.
Symbol Distortion: Bandwidth limitation and the transmission of digital information require significant bandwidth. Because the signal is square, it necessitates
Read MoreDesign Patterns: Effective Software Development
Introduction
Standards are an effective way to reuse project. Patterns are solutions to specific problems that occur recurrently in a given context that were identified from the collective experience of software developers. The main advantage of using standards is because it describes software abstractions, including:
- Common vocabulary
- Effective communication of complex principles, helps to document the software architecture
- Capture the essential parts of a compact design
Design Patterns
However, the
Read MoreDynamic vs Static Data Structures: Linear Lists Explained
Dynamic vs. Static Data Structures
Dynamic Structures:
Dynamic data structures are structures that grow as a program runs. A dynamic data structure is a collection of items called nodes, normally records. Unlike an array, which contains space for storing a number of elements, dynamic structures are used for the storage of real-world data that are constantly changing. A typical example of a static data structure is the list of passengers on an airline. If this list is kept in alphabetical order in
Read MoreDisk Storage Capacity and File System Calculations
Track Capacity: Number of sectors per track * Bytes per sector
Cylinder Capacity: Number of tracks per cylinder * Track capacity
Drive Capacity: Number of cylinders * Cylinder capacity
Transfer Time: (Number of bytes transferred / Number of bytes on track) * Rotation time
FAT Size: (Number of blocks * 6) / (Block size + 1)
Magnetic Tape
Density: #bytes/inch (bpi)
S: (Block length + gap) * n (# of blocks)
Block Length: (#bytes / bpi = bytes/inch)
Example Calculations
- 170 sectors/track
- 16 tracks/cylinder
- (16
Understanding NTFS Data Blocks, MFT, and File System Areas
Understanding Data Blocks and Their Contents
Data blocks are pointers to the blocks containing the data for an i-node. The first twelve pointers point to the physical blocks containing data described by the i-node, and the last three pointers contain increasing levels of indirection.
Why is Data Fragmentation Less in ext2 Compared to FAT?
ext2 brings together a number of sequential blocks in a group called a block group (BG). FAT, however, places the file where slots are available, regardless of whether
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