Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts Explained

Posted by on Mar 5, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

Acronym: Object-Oriented Programming, such as JAVA-based programming, is not structured; it addresses natural problems.

Objects: The Building Blocks of OOP

Objects are the building blocks of OOP. They are real-world representations, for example, a pencil. An object has two characteristics: state and behavior:

  • State: Parameters that define and differentiate it from other objects of the same type.
  • Behavior: Actions performed by objects.
  • The parameters or variables
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JDBC Driver Types and Database Connection with Java

Posted by on Mar 5, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

JDBC Driver Types

There are four different types of JDBC drivers defined by the JDBC specification from Sun.

  • Type 1: JDBC-ODBC Bridge Drivers. These drivers use a bridge or gateway, such as JDBC-ODBC. This is often not the best solution because it may require installing specific software on the client and can be slow.
  • Type 2: Native-API Drivers. This type of driver uses a native API. The driver contains Java code that makes calls to native methods (often C or C++) of the database. Sometimes, client
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Networking Essentials: Protocols, Addressing, and Cabling

Posted by on Mar 5, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

Networking Essentials

Datagram Structure

Datagram structure: version, header length, server type, total length, identification flags, fragmentation offset, lifespan, protocol, header checksum, IP address (source and destination), and data.

OSI Layer 6: Presentation Layer

The presentation layer is responsible for data display so the receiver can understand it. It receives information from the application layer, performs its functions, and prepares data for the session layer.

ICANN

ICANN ensures that internet

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Computer Science Essentials: Redundancy, Ethics, and More

Posted by on Mar 5, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

Redundancy in Data

  • Temporal Redundancy: Redundancy between frames, abrupt transition between frames.
  • Spatial Redundancy: Redundancy within a frame.

Fetch-Execute Cycle

  1. The address in the program counter is transferred to the MAR.
  2. During the next clock cycle, two things happen simultaneously:
    1. Load the instruction at the address of MAR into the MDR.
    2. The address stored in the PC is incremented.
  3. The instruction stored in the MDR is transferred to the CIR.

Sampling Process

  1. The amplitude of the sound wave is determined
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Shift Registers: Types, Applications, and Design

Posted by on Mar 4, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

TRAVEL LOG

A digital circuit is a sequential circuit (i.e., the values of their outputs depend on their inputs and previous values) consisting of a series of bistable elements, usually of type D, connected in cascade (Fig. 1), which pivot synchronously with the same clock signal.

TYPES OF SHIFT REGISTERS

Depending on the type of inputs and outputs, shift registers are classified as:

  • Series-Series: Only the entry of the first flip-flop and the output of the latter are accessible externally. They are
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Key Programming Concepts and C Language Essentials

Posted by on Mar 4, 2025 in Computers | 0 comments

Shorthand Assignment Operators

Shorthand assignment operators combine an arithmetic or bitwise operation with assignment. Common examples include:

  • +=: Adds and assigns (x += 5 is equivalent to x = x + 5).
  • -=: Subtracts and assigns (x -= 5 is equivalent to x = x - 5).
  • *=: Multiplies and assigns (x *= 5 is equivalent to x = x * 5).
  • /=: Divides and assigns (x /= 5 is equivalent to x = x / 5).

Call by Value vs. Call by Reference

Call by Value:

  • A copy of the actual argument is passed to the function.
  • Changes
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