Intel 8086 Modes & Operating System Fundamentals
Intel 8086 Microprocessor Operating Modes
The Intel 8086 microprocessor has two modes of operation: minimum mode and maximum mode. These modes determine how the processor operates and interacts with other components in a system, particularly concerning control signals and bus management.
Minimum Mode
In minimum mode, the 8086 microprocessor operates as a single processor in the system. This means that it controls all the buses and manages all the operations by itself without needing any external control
Read MoreVHDL Fundamentals: Entities, Architectures, and Syntax
General Concepts
Design Tools:
- CAD (Computer-Aided Design) <- Test
- Simulation
- EDA (Electronic Design Automation)
Basic VHDL Design Units
- Entity: Defines the interface of a design block.
- Architecture: Defines the behavior or structure of the design.
- Package: Groups reusable declarations (types, components, functions, etc.).
- Signal: Represents hardware wires or connections; used for communication between processes and components. Assignment operator:
<=. - Variable: Used for temporary storage within sequential
Cloud Computing Architecture: Components, Virtualization, and SOA
Cloud Computing Architecture Components
Cloud Computing Architecture Components
- Hypervisor: A virtualization layer that allows multiple virtual machines (VMs) to run on a single physical server by managing hardware resources (e.g., Microsoft Hyper-V).
- Management Software: Tools used to monitor, configure, and automate cloud resources, ensuring efficient operations (e.g., Google Cloud Console).
- Deployment Software: Enables cloud service deployment, scaling, and orchestration, often using automation (
Data Link Layer: Functions, Protocols, and Error Control
The Data Link Layer Explained
The data link layer is responsible for the reliable transfer of information through a transmission circuit. It is the second layer of the OSI model. It receives requests from the network layer and uses the physical layer service. The goal is error-free information flow between two directly connected machines.
To achieve this goal, the data link layer mounts blocks of information (frames), assigns link-level addresses, manages error detection and correction, and handles
Read MoreParallel vs Serial Data Transmission: Types & Communication Channels
Parallel Transmission
Parallel: All bits are transmitted simultaneously, followed by a brief interval. This transmission rate is suitable for short distances, typically within a machine or between closely located machines. The primary advantage is speed, while the main disadvantage is cost.
Data multiplexing can also be considered a form of parallel transmission, where data is transmitted on a single line by interleaving different data streams.
Parallel Transmission
Serial Transmission
In serial transmission,
Read MoreComputer Hardware: Connectors, Buses, Memory, Peripherals
Connectors and Buses
Connectors link external peripherals like the mouse, printer, etc., to the computer.
The electrical connector is responsible for powering the motherboard from the power supply. It also powers the hard disk drive, CD-ROM drives, and other storage and control systems.
Buses are sets of parallel electrical conductors that interconnect the various elements of a computer. We can distinguish between:
- Data Buses
- Address Buses (Implied, though ‘Management’ was used)
- Control Buses
It’s important
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