Database Normalization, Transactions, and Concurrency Control
Normalization
Normalization consists of evaluating and correcting table structures to minimize data redundancies, reducing data anomalies, and assigning attributes to tables based on determinants. It involves applying formal normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF). Higher normal forms (NF) are generally preferred over lower normal forms.
Normalization is best performed early in the overall design process, for example, when designing a new database structure.
Potential Issues Leading to Low Normal Forms
- Primary
Java Code Examples: Matrix, Shapes, Math, and Threads
Java Code Examples
Matrix Operations
import java.util.Scanner;
// Class for matrix operations
class MatrixOperations {
// Addition of two matrices
public static int[][] addMatrices(int[][] matrix1, int[][] matrix2) {
int rows = matrix1.length;
int cols = matrix1[0].length;
int[][] result = new int[rows][cols];
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
result[i][j] = matrix1[
Microprocessor Systems: Architecture and Components
Microprocessor System
A microprocessor system is the core of a computer. It is formed by a microprocessor: an integrated circuit that contains all the elements of the Central Processing Unit (CPU). Its functions are:
- Executes arithmetic instructions contained in the programs.
- Performs arithmetic and logical operations necessary for data processing.
- Centralizes control of the machine and exchanges data with main memory.
There are 4 different models of Microprocessors: Intelligence, ANP, and AIM.
Principal
Read MoreUnderstanding Bidirectional Communication Nodes
Types of Communications
If a link between two nodes can be selected for communication in both directions (but alternatively), the link is bidirectional. If it is set in one direction and under the terms of a node, it will be one-way (incoming or outgoing).
- If a user node wants to communicate with another user and it also belongs to the node, the switching system has to make the connection of both. This communication is called local communication.
- If the user wishes to establish communication with another
Interactive Document Viewer with Annotation Features
- Internet Explorer 9+
- Google Chrome
- Firefox
- Safari
Python Programming: Examples and Tips for INFO2000 Midterm
General Python Tips:
- Loops: Use
for i in range(start, stop, step):for iteration. - Lists:
my_list = [1, 2, 3], access elements withmy_list[index]. - Dictionaries:
my_dict = {'key': 'value'}, access withmy_dict['key']. - Functions: Use
def function_name(parameters): return valueto define. - Importing Libraries: Use
import random,import math. - Printing Debugging Info: Use
print(variable). - String Manipulation:
.upper(),.lower(),.strip(),.split(),.join(). - File Handling:
open('filename.txt', 'r')to read,open(