Cybersecurity Concepts: Authentication, Encryption, and Threats

Cybersecurity Fundamentals

2-Second Authentication and CAPTCHAs

A 2-second authentication process alone does not inherently make a system secure because security depends on factors such as password strength, multifactor authentication, and system design. While it might slow down brute-force attacks, attackers could still exploit other vulnerabilities. CAPTCHAs address automated threats by ensuring that actions like login attempts are performed by humans rather than bots. This additional layer of defense

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Database Concepts: Questions and Answers

Database Fundamentals: Q&A

Questionnaire 1

  1. What method is needed for flexible storage and retrieval of large amounts of data?
    Management System Database (DBMS)
  2. What is a set of data elements that describes itself with relations between these elements?
    Database
  3. What is a relationship?
    It’s a sense of unity that exists between certain data elements.
  4. Mention the 5 models of database:
    • Relational
    • Object Oriented
    • Deductive
    • Network
    • Hierarchical
  5. What is the most popular database model?
    Relational model.
  6. What
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Redis Data Handling and gRPC-JSON Conversion

Redis: Insertion, Indexing & Query

InsertionIndex CreationQuery
JSON.SET <key> $ '<JSON data>'FT.CREATE <index_name> ON JSON PREFIX 1 <key_prefix> SCHEMA <field_path> AS <field_alias> <data_type>FT.SEARCH <index_name> <query>
JSON.SET user:1 $ '{"name": "Alice", "age": 30, "skills": ["Python", "Redis"]}'FT.CREATE idx:user ON JSON PREFIX 1 user: SCHEMA $.name AS name TEXT $.age AS age NUMERIC
  • FT.SEARCH idx:user "@name:Alice"
  • FT.SEARCH idx:user
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Web Development Tools, Planning, and Legal Considerations

Web Development Tools

For basic web pages, a lot of resources are not required. A text editor and a browser to check the result are enough. Moreover, these two tools are included in most operating systems by default.

Types of Text Editors

Text editors allow developers to write and edit digital files consisting of plain text.

  • Simple: Notepad
  • Dedicated to the creation of websites: These incorporate some useful features for developers, such as highlighting keywords, a list of labels, and automatic insertion
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File Systems: Essential Concepts and Operations

Essential Conditions for Long-Term Information Storage

The essential conditions for the storage of long-term information are:

  • It should be possible to store a large amount of information.
  • The information must survive the completion of the process that uses it.
  • It should be possible that several concurrent processes access the information.

The Solution: Files on External Media

The solution is to store information on disks and other external media in units called files:

  • Files should be persistent, i.e.,
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Routing Algorithms, FTP, and CSMA Protocols Explained

Distance Vector Routing Algorithm

The Distance Vector algorithm is a distributed routing algorithm where routers share their routing table information with their immediate neighbors periodically. It is based on the Bellman-Ford algorithm.

Key Features

  1. Vector of Distances: Each router maintains a table (vector) of distances to all other nodes in the network. Distance is typically measured in terms of hop count or other metrics like delay or cost.
  2. Periodic Updates: Routers exchange their routing tables
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