Understanding Sound and Digital Audio Technologies
Sound is a vibrational phenomenon transmitted in the form of waves propagating in a determined elastic medium (commonly the air or the water). When the vibrations are produced arbitrarily, without any rhythmic sequencing, we are talking about noise.
Digital sound is the digital codification of an electric signal that represents a sound wave. It consists of a sequence of binary numbers and is derived from the digital sampling and quantification of the analogue signal that subsequently can be codified
Read MoreC Programming Core Concepts: Arrays, Operators, and Control Flow
Write a program with a function that takes an array as an argument and returns its sum to the main function.
(Note: The following code demonstrates passing array elements to a function, not summing an array as per the heading’s question.)
#include <stdio.h>
void display(int age1, int age2) {
printf("%d\n", age1);
printf("%d\n", age2);
}
int main() {
int ageArray[] = {2, 8, 4, 12};
// pass second and third elements to display()
display(ageArray[1], ageArray[2]);
return 0;
}Output
8
Innovative Projects with the 8051 Microcontroller
Time Delay Generation with 8051 Microcontroller
#include
sbit FREQ = P2^3;
void timerDelay() {
TH1 = 0xDC; // Load the timer value
TL1 = 0x00;
TR1 = 1; // Turn ON Timer zero
while (TF1 == 0); // Wait for Timer Overflow
TF1 = 0; // Clear the timer overflow flag
TR1 = 0;
}
void main() {
TMOD = 0x10; // Timer0 mode 1
while (1) {
FREQ = 1;
timerDelay();
FREQ = 0;
timerDelay();
}
}
Relay Interfacing with 8051 Microcontroller
#include Programming Language Data Types Explained
Introduction to Data Types
A data type defines a collection of values and operations on those values. A descriptor is a set of attributes of a variable. An object is an instance of an abstract data type (user-defined or built-in). A key design issue for all data types is: What operations are provided for variables, and how are they specified?
Primitive Data Types Explained
- Primitive types are not defined in terms of other types.
- They often mirror hardware data types for performance and compatibility.
PHP OOP Essentials: Classes, Objects, and Core Concepts
PHP Object Basics
Defining and Using Instances
- Define Instance
$student1 = new Student;- Set Value to Property
$student1->firstName = "ex";- Calling Object Function
$student1->getName();- Refer to the Instance (inside the class)
$this->name;
Visibility Modifiers
- public
- Accessed from anywhere. Example:
public $property_name;(orvar $property_name;for older PHP versions) - protected
- Accessed only from this class and its subclasses. Example:
protected $property_name; - private
- Accessed from inside the class only.
Data Structure Fundamentals
Array Implementation of List
An array implementation of a list involves using a contiguous block of memory to store elements, allowing for efficient access and manipulation. Here’s a breakdown of the key aspects of this implementation:
Structure
- An array is a fixed-size data structure that holds elements of the same type. In the context of a list, an array can be used to store the list elements in sequential memory locations.
- The size of the array is typically defined at the time of creation, which