Computer Fundamentals: Data, Components, and System Operations
Data Representation and Number Systems
Converting Binary to Decimal Numbers
To convert a binary number into a decimal number, you multiply each digit by increasing powers of 2, starting from the rightmost digit (20).
Converting Decimal to Binary Numbers
To convert a decimal number into a binary number, you repeatedly divide the decimal number by 2 and record the remainders in reverse order.
Fundamental Units of Information
What is a Bit? And a Byte?
- Bit: The smallest unit of information that can be stored
Data Structures, Attributes, and Database Systems Fundamentals
Understanding Data Structures
A data structure is a way to organize and store data in a computer so that it can be efficiently accessed, modified, and manipulated. It provides a way to manage large amounts of data, enabling efficient data retrieval, insertion, deletion, and manipulation.
Core Types of Data Structures
- Arrays: A collection of elements of the same data type stored in contiguous memory locations.
- Linked Lists: A dynamic collection of elements, where each element points to the next element.
Processor Pipelining: Hazards, Solutions, and Parallel Architectures
Understanding Pipeline Hazards
There are three main types of pipeline hazards that can occur in a pipelined processor:
1. Structural Hazards
Structural hazards occur when there is a conflict in accessing a shared resource, such as a memory location or a functional unit, by multiple instructions in the pipeline at the same time. This can happen when two instructions require the use of the same resource simultaneously. Structural hazards can lead to pipeline stalls or incorrect results if not properly
Read MoreFundamentals of Computer Graphics: Concepts and Applications
Major Applications of Computer Graphics
- Entertainment and Media: Used in movies, animation, video games, and visual effects to create realistic or fantastical scenes.
- Computer-Aided Design (CAD): Employed by architects, engineers, and designers to create precise technical drawings and 3D models of buildings, vehicles, and machinery.
- Medical Imaging: Helps visualize complex structures of the human body through techniques like MRI, CT scans, and 3D reconstructions.
- Scientific Visualization: Used to graphically
Parallel Computing Fundamentals: Models and Concepts
Core Concepts in Parallel Computing
This section addresses fundamental questions regarding parallel systems, architectures, and performance metrics.
Parallel System Components and Models
Which component is not typically considered a fundamental component of a parallel computation system?
Answer: A parallel random-access machine (PRAM) model. (PRAM is a theoretical model, not a physical component.)
Which parallel programming model requires message passing for communication between processes?
Answer: Distributed
Read MoreSpring Boot Cheat Sheet: Essential Concepts and Annotations
Spring Boot Cheat Sheet: Essential Concepts
This cheat sheet provides a concise reference of key concepts and annotations in the Spring Boot framework, designed for quick reference during development.
Core Concepts
- Starters: Convenient dependency descriptors that simplify your Maven or Gradle configuration. By including a starter, you get a curated set of dependencies needed for a specific functionality.
spring-boot-starter-web: For building web applications, including RESTful APIs, using Spring MVC