Beccaria’s Critique on Crime, Punishment, and Liberty
Beccaria on Arbitrary Infringement of Individual Liberties
Cesare Beccaria argues that individual liberties can be arbitrarily infringed upon by those acting on behalf of the law. He proposes that law should protect individual liberties by adhering to the following principles (Chapters II-V, XII, pp. 17-28, 46-47):
- Proportionality of Punishment: Punishment should be proportional to the crime committed. Beccaria states, “all punishments, which exceed the necessity of preserving this bond, are in their
Suspension of Sentences: Alternatives in Chile
Suspension of Sentences and Alternative Benefits
Article 1. The execution of sentences or restriction of liberty may be suspended by the court ordering them, to grant any of the following alternative benefits:
- a) Remission of sentence;
- b) Night confinement; and
- c) Probation.
The provision in the preceding paragraph does not proceed in the case of crimes specified in Articles 362 and 372 bis of the Penal Code, provided that in the latter case the victim is under 12 years of age.
Conditional Remission of
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Retroactivity of the Law: Laws govern future actions and are never retroactive unless otherwise stated.
More Benign Act: This is the exception to the principle of non-retroactivity. Laws can be applied retroactively only if they are more beneficial to the accused.
Declaration and Arrest Immunity: According to Article 18, nobody can be compelled to testify against themselves. Unlike the defendant, witnesses may refuse to testify. If they agree to testify under oath, they must tell the truth. If defendants
Read MoreFailures of the US Criminal Justice System
Why Arrest Rates Are Not an Accurate Measure of Crime
Arrest rates measure how many people were incarcerated, but this does not accurately reflect how many crimes were committed. It omits crimes where the perpetrator was not caught or crimes where the wrong individuals were apprehended. Furthermore, perpetrators of white-collar crime rarely see any jail time. Thus, their crime is not reflected in the arrest rate even though it occurs frequently. Arrest rates are also more reflective of police behavior
Read MoreCordoba Prosecution: Essential Resource Needs
Staff and Material Requirements
What about additional staff? It is essential. I know that I am supported by the Delegate of Justice of Cordoba. The prosecution did not charge us; we are also dependent on officials in Andalusia. I have also requested staff for expansion.
And the material? Increasingly, the prosecution of Cordoba is very demanding regarding the computer systems provided to us. I know that there is progress, but when we detect faults—and they are detected—we would be better off.
Read MoreCasino Gambling Impact on Las Vegas Residents: A Research Design
To design a research project exploring the impact of casino gambling on the lives of residents in Las Vegas, you can follow these steps:
1. Define the Research Objectives
Clearly outline the goals of the study, which in this case, is to investigate the effects of casino gambling on residents in Las Vegas. Identify specific aspects of their lives that may be affected, such as socioeconomic status, mental health, or community dynamics.
2. Conduct a Literature Review
Before initiating the study, it is
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