An Introduction to Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloys, Ceramics, and Polymers
Chapter 11: Ferrous Alloys
Iron-Based Principle Constituent
Includes cast irons & steels.
Advantages
- Cost-effective
- Diverse properties achievable by adding vacancy impurities.
Low Carbon Steels
Less than 0.25 wt% carbon. Strengthening is accomplished by cold work. Microstructure consists of ferrite & pearlite (alpha & Fe3C). Relatively soft & weak but ductile & tough. Machinable, weldable, least expensive to produce.
HSLA – High Strength Low Alloy
Contains other elements such as Cu, Vanadium,
Read MoreAn Introduction to Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloys, Ceramics, and Polymers
Chapter 11: Ferrous Alloys
Iron-Based Principle Constituent
Ferrous alloys are iron-based and include cast irons and steels.
Advantages of Ferrous Alloys
- Cost-effective
- Diverse properties achievable by adding vacancy impurities
Types of Steel
Low Carbon Steels
- Less than 0.25 wt% carbon
- Strengthening is accomplished by cold work
- Microstructure consists of ferrite & pearlite (alpha & Fe3C)
- Relatively soft & weak but ductile & tough
- Machinable, weldable, least expensive to produce
HSLA – High Strength
Read MoreTextile Fibers: Properties, Finishes, and Classifications
Cotton Finish
Mercerization
-Sodium hydroxide is used to increase cotton’s absorbency, luster, & strength.
Quality of COTTON
- High quality: Combed (removed short fibers)
- Lower quality: Not combed
Linen Finish
Beetling
Yarns are flattened (pounded) to create a fabric that looks more regular and tighter. Also increases sheen.
Linen Quality
- High Quality: “Line” – Long, combed
- Low Quality: “Tow” – Short flax fibers. Line fibers are ready for wet spinning into yarn. Tow fibers must be carded before dry spinning
A Comprehensive Guide to Forecasting Techniques in Business
Forecasting is the prediction of future events or future outcomes of key variables. An accurate prediction of outcomes can provide improved certainty and assist in the decision-making and planning process.
The purpose of forecasting is to identify problems, opportunities, and threats before they happen. By being proactive, greater efficiency, profitability, and longevity can be achieved.
When forecasting, the assumption is that the conditions of the past will be
Read MoreUnderstanding Construction Materials and Processes
Masonry
Simple: Built with brick and mortar paste (this does not resist lateral flexion or effort – Resists compression)
Confined: This includes support pillars and resists lateral forces – this is framed with reinforced concrete or steel or other materials.
Reinforced: This contains perforated hollow bricks, vertical and horizontal reinforcement.
Other Materials
Steel: Improves the resistance of reinforced concrete – common examples include A44 bar-28H and 63-42H.
Cement: Aggregate + cement + water *
Read MoreSoftware Engineering Principles: Modularity, Testing, Security & More
Software Engineering Principles
Modularity
What is a Module?
A program unit that is discrete and identifiable with respect to compiling, combining with other units, and loading.
What is Modularity?
The degree to which a system or computer program is composed of discrete components such that a change to one component has minimal impact on other components.
Modular Programming
A software development technique in which software is developed as a collection of modules.
Benefits of Modular Programming
- Managerial
- Product