Core Concepts in Anthropology: Midterm Study Notes and Definitions
ANT100 Midterm Study Notes Sheet
Name: [Your Name]
Fieldwork Definitions and Key Anthropological Ideas
- Anthropology: The holistic, comparative, field-based, and evolutionary study of all humans across all times and places.
- Ethnocentrism: Holding one’s own beliefs, values, ideas, ideals, assumptions as the only true or proper ones. Often described as “a prison for the mind,” limiting growth and change.
- Cultural Relativism: The antidote to ethnocentrism. Understanding others’ ideas relative to their own
Understanding Neurodevelopmental and Learning Disorders
Articulation, Speech, and Language Impairments
Articulation Disorder
- Refers to problems making speech sounds and with phonological processing skills.
- Seen mostly in young children (preschool age).
- Diagnosed if children do not outgrow common articulation errors (e.g., “wabbit” instead of “rabbit;” “nana” instead of “banana”).
- May be more common in developmental disorders (e.g., autism), genetic syndromes (e.g., Down syndrome), hearing loss, illness, or neurological disorders (e.g., cerebral
The Science of Bilingualism and CLIL Pedagogy
Module 1: Foundations of Bilingualism
In 1950, some educators believed that learning a second language (L2) during childhood would negatively impact the development of the first language (L1), potentially confusing the child. However, research later challenged this view.
Cummins’ Key Hypotheses
In 1980, Jim Cummins proposed two foundational hypotheses:
- Developmental Interdependence Hypothesis: This supports the idea that if children possess a strong level of organization and conceptual knowledge in
Cognitive Processes and Knowledge Types in Second Language Acquisition
Cognitive Processes in Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
This section examines how our mind receives and processes information during language acquisition. It explores how processed information becomes knowledge and functions within our cognitive system.
Types of Knowledge in SLA
Knowledge types discussed include:
- Acquired vs. Learned knowledge
- Declarative vs. Procedural knowledge
- Implicit vs. Explicit learning/knowledge
Both declarative and procedural knowledge are stored in our brain.
How Linguistic Knowledge
Read MorePakistan’s Education System: Policies, Aims, and Fields
Foundational Principles of Education in Pakistan
Message from the First Education Minister
At the first educational conference, the education minister gave top priority to the spiritual element in education. He said that if this element is ignored, it can have dangerous and devastating consequences. The tragedy of modern education, he argued, was evident in the two World Wars. These wars and scientific inventions have taught us that if the development of human morality and spirituality is ignored,
Read MorePantomime, Didactics, and Motor Action Taxonomies
Pantomime and Mime: Definition and Educational Value
Pantomime is a performance in which actors express actions through gestures, movements, and attitudes of the body, without using words. The distinction between the two forms is crucial:
- Mime: Purely emotional expression.
- Pantomime: The expression of specific ideas.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Pantomime
Advantages (V)
- Uses a universal language.
- Is a means to convey instruction.
- Develops imagination and creativity.
- Excellent for developing communication