Nutritional Science, Immunity, and Common Health Conditions
Nutrient Deficiencies and Excesses
Macronutrients and Micronutrients
| Nutrient | Deficiency Effects | Excess Effects |
|---|---|---|
| Protein | Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, Growth Retardation | Obesity, Renal Overload, Gout |
| Carbohydrates | Ketosis, Fatigue, Protein Breakdown for Energy | Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome |
| Fat | Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency (Dry Skin, Poor Wound Healing, Growth Failure) | Obesity, Atherosclerosis, Fatty Liver |
| Calcium | Rickets, Osteoporosis, Tetany | Hypercalcemia, Kidney Stones |
| Iron | Iron-Deficiency Anemia | Hemochromatosis, |
Causal Inference Methods: RCTs vs. Quasi-Experimental Designs
RCTs and the Foundations of Causal Inference
A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) earns its privileged status because the researcher dictates treatment assignment through explicit randomization, thereby severing any systematic link between the treatment and unobserved confounders. That design choice ensures “internal validity at list price”: the difference in average outcomes across treatment arms is, by construction, an unbiased estimate of the causal effect, conditional only on compliance and
Read Moreसमावेशी शिक्षा: सिद्धांत, अनुकूलन और शिक्षक की प्रभावी भूमिका
समावेशी शिक्षा: सिद्धांत, आवश्यकता और महत्व
यह विस्तृत उत्तर समावेशी शिक्षा (Inclusive Education) के विभिन्न पहलुओं, मूल्यांकन में शिक्षक की भूमिका, अनुकूलन के प्रकार और भारत में इसके महत्व पर केंद्रित है।
समावेशी
Read MoreForensic Medicine & Toxicology: Death, Poisons, Antidotes
Thanatology: Understanding Death and Postmortem Changes
Thanatology is the science that deals with death and the changes produced in the body after death.
Definition of Death
Death is the permanent cessation of vital functions, including circulation, respiration, and brain activity.
Types of Death
- Somatic Death: Irreversible stoppage of circulation, respiration, and brain functions.
- Molecular Death: Cessation of cellular metabolism, occurring after somatic death.
Modes of Death
- Coma
- Syncope
- Asphyxia
Signs
Read MoreUnderstanding Electoral Systems: Majoritarian Formulas Explained
The Electoral System: Core Concepts
The electoral formula is the essential element of any electoral system. Electoral systems are classified based on the formula used for allocating seats, broadly categorized as majoritarian or proportional.
Understanding Electoral Formulas
An electoral formula processes the individual preferences expressed in valid votes, translating them into the electorate’s decision by allocating contested seats. For simplified analysis, electoral formulas are generally grouped
Read MoreAyurvedic Medicinal Plants: Properties and Traditional Uses
1. Opium Poppy (*Papaver somniferum*)
- Original ID
- 1
- Therapeutic Action
- Intoxicant (मदकारी)
- Family
- Papaveraceae
- Synonyms
- आफ़ूफ
- ओपियम
- English Name
- Opium
- Plant Type
- Shrub
- Key Constituents
- Morphine
- Codeine
- Ayurvedic Qualities
- Light (लघु), Dry (रूक्ष), Subtle (सूक्ष्म), Pervasive (व्यवायी), Spreading (विकासी)
- Taste (Rasa)
- Bitter (तिक्त), Astringent (कषाय)
- Post-Digestive Taste (Vipaka)
- Pungent (कटु)
- Potency (Virya)
- Hot